Social Studies Midterm Chapters 1 & 2

Front 1

geography

Back 1

the study of where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other

Front 2

location

Back 2

position on the Earth's surface

Front 3

latitude

Back 3

distances north or south of the Equator

Front 4

longitude

Back 4

distances east or west over the Prime Meridian

Front 5

exports

Back 5

good sent to markets outside a country

Front 6

imports

Back 6

good brought into a country

Front 7

interdependence

Back 7

the dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world

Front 8

map projections

Back 8

ways of showing the curved Earth on a flat surface

Front 9

topography

Back 9

the physical features of a place or region

Front 10

vegetation

Back 10

the place life of a place or region

Front 11

mountains

Back 11

high, steep rugged land that rises above the surrounding land

Front 12

elevation

Back 12

height above sea level

Front 13

hills

Back 13

areas of raised land, but lower and less steep that mountains

Front 14

plains

Back 14

large areas of fairly level or gently rolling land

Front 15

plateaus

Back 15

are areas of high, flat or gently rolling land

Front 16

climate

Back 16

average weather a place has over a period of 20 to 30 years

Front 17

culture

Back 17

all the things that make up a people's entire way of life

Front 18

nuclear family

Back 18

includes a wife, a husband, and their children

Front 19

extended family

Back 19

several generations living in one household

Front 20

monotheism

Back 20

the worship of one god

Front 21

polytheism

Back 21

the worship of more than one god

Front 22

democracy

Back 22

the people have supreme power

Front 23

republic

Back 23

the people choose the leaders who represent them

Front 24

dictatorship

Back 24

a ruler or group holds power by force

Front 25

technology

Back 25

the skills and tools people use

Front 26

diffusion

Back 26

the movement of customs or ideas from one place to another

Front 27

subculture

Back 27

a group of people within a society who share certain beliefs, values, and customs

Front 28

ethnocentrism

Back 28

judging other cultures by the standards of their own culture

Front 29

racism

Back 29

the belief that one racial group is naturally superior the another

Front 30

nomads

Back 30

person who travels from place to place

Front 31

civilization

Back 31

a highly organized group of people with their own language and ways of living

Front 32

archaeologists

Back 32

scientists who study the objects left by early people

Front 33

artisans

Back 33

skilled craftworkers

Front 34

capital

Back 34

money that can be invested in business ventures for the purpose of making a profit

Front 35

entrepreneurs

Back 35

people who risked their money to set up businesses in order to make a profit

Front 36

urbanization

Back 36

the growth of cities

Front 37

imperialism

Back 37

the control by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Front 38

westernization

Back 38

adoption of western culture

Front 39

nationalism

Back 39

pride in and loyalty to one's country

Front 40

cash crop

Back 40

could be sold on the world market

Front 41

modernization

Back 41

changes in a nation that enable it to set up a stable gov. and produce a high level of goods and services

Front 42

tariff

Back 42

a tax on imported goods

Front 43

privatization

Back 43

selling state owned industries to private investors

Front 44

literacy

Back 44

the ability to read and write

Front 45

population density

Back 45

the average number of people living in an area of a specific size

Front 46

What are some problems facing the world today?

Back 46

Refugees. Drug Trade. Terrorism. The environment. The global economy. Human Rights. Technology and the Future

Front 47

Confucianism

Back 47

filial piety; family and good of society was important; stressed loyalty, courtesy, hard work, & service

Front 48

Daoism

Back 48

emphasized the link between people and nature rather than the importance of proper behavior

Front 49

Legalism

Back 49

people acted out of self-interest; against Confucian ideas

Front 50

Buddhism

Back 50

a religion that offered an escape from the suffering of earthly life

Front 51

Open Door Policy

Back 51

to prevent European nations from setting up colonies in China; policy said that all nations were supposed to have equal access to trade with China

Front 52

Chinese Revolution

Back 52

Qing dynasty collapsed; civil war raged, with many people claiming the right to rule China

Front 53

Mao Zedong

Back 53

leader of Chinese Communists; believed that he would succeed by gaining support of the peasants; leader of the Long March

Front 54

Chaing Kai-Shek

Back 54

led the Nationalist army; brought China under his control; attacked the Communists leaving only a few alive

Front 55

Opium War

Back 55

between the british and china about the smuggling of opium. the british wouldn't stop it so china ended all trade with them and it angered britain so a war broke out and britain won, got trade back, and won control of Hong Kong

Front 56

How does China become Communist?

Back 56

by winning the support of the peasants.

Front 57

Deng Xiaoping

Back 57

turned away from some of Mao's ideas; eased strict gov.; foreign affairs; better educated China

Front 58

Korean War

Back 58

war between North and South Korea along the 38th parallel

Front 59

Kim Il Sung

Back 59

built a totalitarian state in North Korea; isolated North Korea