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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Militarism |
-policy where military is used to solve problems (powerful and intimidating) -aka saber rattling -naval power ensures support and defence for countries |
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Arms race |
Competition between Britain and Germany to see who had the best armed forces |
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Alliances |
-public treaties to protect countries -triple entente: Britain, France, Russia -triple alliances: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy |
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Imperialism (colonialism) |
-policy where a country builds an empire to increase strength, wealth, resources, locations (AKA Britain and Canada) |
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Nationalism |
-strong sense of pride in cultural or ethnic background -major powers were ultranationalistic |
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Canada's Prime Minister |
Robert Borden |
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Canada's minister of Militia |
Sam Hughes |
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Archduke Assasination |
-black hand a Serbian nationalist group who disliked Archduke Franz Ferinand -gavrilo princip member of black hand shoots archduke -Russia supports Serbia -Germany supports Austria-Hungary, offers "blank cheque" |
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Gavrilo Princip |
-member of Black Hand, assassinated Archduke |
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Franz Ferdinand |
-archduke (monarch) of Austria Hungary |
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John McRae |
-author of flander's field, physician, soldier -wrote flander's field in 20 minutes at Battle of Ypres |
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Billy Bishop |
Canadian flying ace (72 victories) |
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Conscription |
Enlistment of citizens for military service |
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Schlieffen Plan |
Germans face 2 front war with France and Russia so they make a plan. Weak units fight at French border while strong invade Belgium to get to Paris with France defeated and fight Russia with all units |
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Problems with Schlieffen Plan |
-Belgium fought at invasion and Britain had an old treaty with Belgium so they came to Belgium's aid -Germans thought Russia would take time to mobilize but they only took 10 days -Germany did not reach Paris but offence stalled to dig defensive trenches to hold taken parts of France and Belgium |
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Ross rifle |
-straight pull action gun made in Canada (1903-1918) that would get jammed while usage, replaced with Lee Enfield |
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Trench warfare |
-land consisting of trenches protecting troops -when Germans were dug in allies dug their own in lower positions with worse conditions |
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Gas Attack |
-chlorine was used first by Germans at Ypres. Yellow clouds formed and caused soldiers to have chest pain and burning in their throat. Chlorine destroyed respiratory organs and slow death by asphyxiation. -Mustard gas was odourless took 12 hours to show effects, caused skin to blister, eye burns, vomiting, external and Internal bleeding -took 4-5 weeks to die from poisoning |
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Battle of Ypres 1915 Belgium |
-use of chlorine gas burned and blinded canadian troops -allies suffered, 6035 dead and no winner |
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Battle of Somme 1916 France |
-day one British casualties 57470 -canadian casualties 24029 -soldiers walk to no man's land and mowed down by german machine guns -both sides have heavy casualties, Britain loses |
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Battle of Vimy Ridge 1917 France |
-canadians take ridge after good planning and executions, planned by british Arthur Currie -supervised by general byng -major canadian victory, won more ground and took more prisoners |
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Battle of Passchendale 1917 Belgium |
-general currie makes more careful plans for Canadian success -germans positioned for months with little value 15654 canadian deaths cost victory |
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Changes to canadian life |
-canadians buy victory bonds -income tax -inflation -woman suffrage -halifax explosion -spanish flu |
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End of war |
total dead worldwide- about 8 million total Canadian dead- less than 66000 |
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100 day campaign |
-in 1918 allies launch series of attacks -under Currie's command, canadians broke german lines and won important battles |
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Armistice |
truce signed ending war on november 11, 1918 |
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Treaty of Versailles |
-document of terms for peace between germany and Allies -Germany has to admit guilt and accept responsibilities, pay for damage and Germany was not present there -Canada is signed by Borden |
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League of Nations |
plan by america to create unit for protection against aggressors -doesn't work, USA doesn't sign, nations don't cooperate and no strong military |
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War of Attrition |
military strategy, reducing strength of opponent till point of collapse |
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Autonomy |
canada gets right to self govern itself and not be a colony of Britain |
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Canadian Expeditionary Forces |
army raised by canada for services overseas |
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casualties |
amount of deaths and poorly injuried |
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Khaki election |
election influenced by war |
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Military Voters Act |
soldiers fighting for Canada receive right to vote |
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Newfoundland Regiment |
so many volunteered for war that population decreased from its original small population |
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Propaganda |
info produced by government to inspire and spread beliefs/opinions |
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Russian Revolution |
russia has a revolution, Bolsheviks overthrow Czar of Russia, Russia withdraws from war and has truce with Germany |
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Trench foot |
disease from foot being to wet for to long (happened to allies in the trenches) |
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Union Government |
conservatives and some liberals elected in Khaki election |
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War Measures Act 1914 |
-govt has right to do everything for security, welfare, defence, peace and order |
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War guilt clause |
Article in treaty of Versailles making Germany responsible |
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Enemy Alien |
citizen of one country, living in another during war |
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Halifax Explosion |
Mont Blanc and Emu collide, causing explosion from Mont Blanc's explosives Explosion destroys whole city |
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Prohibition |
ban of manufacturing alcohol |
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reparations |
amending things that have been wronged by paying money |
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Royal Flying Corps Canada |
training for air service in Canada organized by Britain |
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Spanish flu |
deadly influenza spread worldwide |
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Triple Alliance |
Germany, Italy, Austria Hungary |
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Triple Entente |
Britain, France, Russia |
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Women suffrage |
women's right to vote |
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Wartime Elections Act |
1917 act giving right of voting to female relatives of soldiers |
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The Canadian charter of rights and freedoms |
identifies human rights that are guaranteed to everyone-limited to charter, makes sure no ones rights can take over someone elses -the notwithstanding clause |
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notwithstanding clause |
clause in which parliament allows on an act even if it violates with the charter of rights and freedoms |
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bill of rights |
formally outlines rights held by Canadians under common law |
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Human rights defined |
the rights to basic life, protection, freedom of speech, though legal and political rights |
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Election Process |
-Dissolution Governor General calls election with request of prime minister cause of timeline or strategy
-Enumeration Voter list is created
-Nomination Parties choose candidates
-Campaigning 2 months of why parties are a good choice -Voting voters vote
-Tabulating Votes are counted by hand and winners declared by riding -First past the post Candidate in each riding with most votes wins
-Single transferable vote Parties receive seats by proportion of won votes
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Passing Legislation |
•First reading Intro to bill no debate •Second reading debate •Committee Stage examine and make changes if needed •Report Stage Reported to House of Commons, changes reviewed •Third reading Review changes and change for member of parliaments •Senate Shown to senate if NOT provincial •Royal Assent Governor signs bill (g.g)L.g if provincial
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Democracy |
Citizens vote for their representatives |
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Socialism |
Government controls aspects of economy and industry |
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Liberalism |
Freedom is top priority and emphasizes specific roles in government |
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conservatism |
Supports traditional institutions and values, cautious with change |
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communism |
Everyone shares everything with common ownership |
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fascism |
Government under 1 control, the dictator |
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Political spectrum |
Left wing Liberalism, supports change to improve citizen welfare and government should play larger roles Centre Conservatism, tradition is important and change must be supported if people want. Right wing Fascism, tradition is important |
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how to bring change to democracy |
petitions pressure groups lobbyist protesting media civil disobedience |
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executive govt. |
responsible for daily administration and enforces law pm, cabinet, part of HOC
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legislative govt. |
responsible for debate, amend, make and pass laws |
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judiciary |
explain and understand laws, made of 9 judges |
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riding |
geographic divisions for voting |
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pollsters |
person who analyzes polls |
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majority govt. |
govt formed by party with majority of votes |
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minority govt. |
govt. relies on other party's support to stay in power |
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suffrage |
right to vote |
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cabinet |
minsters of executive branch |
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representative democracy |
elected officers representing group |
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constitutional democracy |
ability to pass laws with elected parliment |
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vote of non confidence |
person in position is no longer fit to hold postion |
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backbencher |
ordinary member of parliment opposed to its leader |
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party whip |
ensures discipline among members, ensures all members vote in the party |
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chief electoral officer |
responsible for supervising elections |
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interest groups |
groups that try to influence govt. to adopt certain policies |
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proportional representation |
electoral systems by division |
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house of commons |
lower house made of 308 elected members of parliment who think of rules and laws |
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member of parliment |
representative of voters in parliment |
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patronage |
power to control appointments to office |
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deputy minister |
senior civil servant in govt. take political direction from an appointed minister of the crown |
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public servant |
government official |
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question period |
members of parliment question govt. ministers |
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statute of westminister |
british law clarifying power of canada's parliment with full legal freedom |
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populous and smallest ridings |
populous- branford smallest- toronto centre |
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lieutenant governor |
executive officer ranked next for govenor if current governor has to quit (replacement) |
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MLA |
members of elected provincial govt. |
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shadow parliment |
under leadership of opposition leader |
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rise of communism |
communist canadian party found in 1921 found by labour organizers and anti war activists |
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american investment |
canada had economic boom when america began to invest in natural resources and manufacturing industries |
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advancements of the 20s |
radio, silent movies, cars, insulin, vitamin E, fridge, tv, color film |
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winnepeg general strike |
failed but, labour leaders complained that profits were high and wages low |
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prohibition 1920s |
prohibition ended in the early 20s and reduced alcohol by 80% |
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person's case |
in 1916, Emily Murphy appointed as judge is challenged by males for not being a person under law in 1928 women can vote but still not able to hold public officer positions |
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Famous Five |
five women pushed the person's case to highest court in 1929 on Feb 20, 1930, Mackenzie King appoints first female senate |
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Emily Carr |
female painter and writer, enjoyed making native art |
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Aboriginal struggles |
aboriginal self govt. not recognized cultural expression (potlatch, dress, dance) banned -residential schools for kids |
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Arthur Meighen |
-conservative leader, 9th PM -believed in principles, didn't care about offending people -crushed winnipeg general strike |
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Mackenzie King |
-disliked Meighen and vice versa -did not wish to offend people -liberal leader |
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Old age pension act |
act to help canadians avoid poverty after retirement |
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Chanak crisis |
war scare between Britain and Turkey, which Canada did not get involved in even though requested to fight. Thanks to King's no, Britain and Turkey ended up solving conflict with peaceful agreement |
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halibut treaty |
canadian-american agreement concerning fishing rights in northern pacific ocean first canadian treaty with no british involvement |
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King Byng Affair |
-conservatives accuse liberals and King of taking bribes -liberals lose support -King asks Governor General Byng to dissolve parliment and call for an election -Byng refuses and makes Meighen government but his government fails in days -King resigns cause of Byng rejecting request -1926, King wins election, promises to loosen relationship with Britain -never again can a governor general say NO |
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Imperial Conference |
british empire and leaders of self governing colonies and dominions come together to end British Empire and start commonwealth |
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Balfour report |
report making Britain and its dominions equal, confirmed Canada as an independent country |
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stock market crash |
billions of dollars wiped out from investors, industrial world crashes leading to great depression Black Tuesday- USA crashes Black Thursday- Canada crashes |
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recession |
temporary economic decline in which trade and industrial activity is reduced great depression began with recession |
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depression |
long, severe recession in economy |
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Supply and demand |
amount of product and buyers control price |
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overproduction |
excessive production, less consumption leads to economic collapse |
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prosperity |
canadian resources and manufacturing operated at full capacity wartime boom led to Canadian cities growth |
