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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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personal understanding of the world, shaped by experiences
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perspective
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a place's exact spot on Earth
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absolute location
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large wall usually built from dirt along a river to prevent flooding
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levee
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Movement of ideas or behaviors from one cultural region to another
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diffusion
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smaller areas of regions that geographers use to study a region more carefully
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sub-regions
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study of people, past or present, their location and distribution over Earth, their activities, and their differences
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human geography
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stud of Earth's natural landscapes and physical systems
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physical geography
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art and science of map making
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cartography
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Field of forecasting and reporting temperature, rainfall, and other atmospheric conditions
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meterology
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field of tracking earth's larger atmospheric systems
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climatology
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spatial perspective
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perspective of a geographer
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rural
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farmland
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relative location
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refers to time or distance to area
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path such as around the sun
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orbit
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day when the sun's vertical rays are farthest from the equator
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solstice
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gas that helps protect earth from harmful solar radiation
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ozone
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water that occurs in the air as an invisible gas
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water vapor
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water that falls back to the earth in some form
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precipitation
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outer, solid layer of Earth
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crust
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one of earth's large landmasses
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continent
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land-form where a river joins an ocean
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delta
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What term is used for the sun and the objects that move around it
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solar system
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what is a body that orbits a larger body called
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satellite
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what do we call the layer of gases that surrounds Earth
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atmosphere
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What term is used to describe the circulation of water from earth's surface to the atmosphere and back
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the water cycle
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What term is used to describe magma that has reached the surface of the Earth
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lava
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what do we call a fractured surface in Earth's crust where a mass of rocks is in motion
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fault
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what is a term for a large, slow-moving river of ice
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glacier
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______resources can be replaced by earth's natural processes
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natural
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growing different crops on the same land over a period of years is called
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crop rotation
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people who farm steep hillsides build ______, or horizontal ridges, into the slope
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terraces
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the long-term process of losing soil fertility and plant life is called
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desertification
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________refers to the destruction or loss of forest area.
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deforestation
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water-bearing layers of rock, sand, or gravel deep underground are
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aquifers
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taking salt out of seawater is know as
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desalinization
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_________is the slow increase in earth's average temperature.
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global warming
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_______resources are those that cannot be replaced by natural processes or are replaced very slowly.
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nonrenewable
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coal petroleum, and natural gas are_____fuels
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fossil
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minerals that can conduct heat and electricity
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metallic minerals
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minerals that are poor conductors of heat and electricity
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non-metallic minerals
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production of electricity by water pwer
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hydroelectric power
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geothermal energy
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earth's internal heat
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solar energy
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sun's heat and light
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learned system of shared beliefs and ways of doing things that guide a person's daily behavior
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culture
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based on inherited physical or biological traits
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race
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occurs when people make important cultural changes as the result of long-term contact with another society
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acculturation
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dependence of plants and animals on people
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domestication
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culture that has become highly complex
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civilization
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people who start businesses in a free enterprise system
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entrepreneurs
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elements of culture such as dress, food, and religious beliefs.
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culture traits
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activities that directly involve natural resources or raw materials
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primary industries
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dollar value of all goods and services mad in a country in one year
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gross national product, GNP
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occurs when demand is greater than supply
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scarcity
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commercial agriculture
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agriculture that is sold
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factors of production
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money, labor, people, resources are all needed for production
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carrying capacity
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the amount a space can hold all year around
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quaternary industries
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bankers, accountants
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limited government
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government have to follow rules too
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what is a steep-sided depression formed when a cave roof collapses
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sinkholes
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what did the Aztec call the raised field they created
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chinimpas
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what term is used to describe a widespread outbreak of disease
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epidemic
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what were people of mixed European and Indian ancestry called
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mestizos
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what were people of mixed European and African ancestry called
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mullatoes
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what term refers to the church outpost in colonial Mexico
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Missions, missionaries
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what was granted to men favored by the spanish monarch
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Haciendas, lots of land
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What do we call crops that are produced primarily to cell
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cash crops
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What is the term for a mixture of smoke, chemicals and fog?
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smog
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what are foeign -owned factories in northern Mexico called
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Maliquadores
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conquistadores
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conquers, Spanish generals, Spanish army leaders
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empire
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where the kingdom owns more territories
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ejidos
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lands owned and worked by groups of Mexicans
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inflation
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prices rise quickly and money looses its value
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slash-and-burn agriculture
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where trees are cut down and burned so that the land can be used for farming for a few years
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large group of islands
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archipelago
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high-elevation, very wet tropical forest where low clouds are common
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cloud forest
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spice used in Asian foods
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cardamom
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conflict between two or more groups within a country
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civil war
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type of music whose birthplace is Jamaica
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reggae
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national music and dance of the Dominican Republic
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merengue
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person who takes part in irregular warfare, such as raids
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guerrilla
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organization owned by and operated for mutual benefit of members
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cooperation
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type of banana used in cooking
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plantain
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self-governing territory associated with another country
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common-wealth
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what do we call the most important aluminum ore
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bauxite
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what term describes a person who rules a country with complete authority
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dictator
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what is the practice of using an area's natural environment to attract tourists called
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eco-tourism
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what religion began in Cuba and spread to nearby islands and parts of the United States
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Santeria
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What is the term for a person who flees to another country?
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Refugee
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mountain system made up of parallel ranges
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cordillera
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steep-sided plateaus capped by sandstone layers
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tepuis
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longest river in Caribbean south America
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Orinoco
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Caribbean South America's most populous country
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Colombia
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National capital of Colombia
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Bogota
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tropical plant with starch roots
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cassava
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Venezuela's military leaders
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caudillos
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capital of Venezuela
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Caracas
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cowboys of the Venezuelan llanos
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llaneros
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people who agree to work for a certain perios do f time often in exchange for travel expenses
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indentured servants
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Vast plains of eastern Colombia and western Venezuela
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Llanos
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"the Golden One," a legendary rich land
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El Dorado
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Plant used to make a deep blue dye
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indigo
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Venezuelans of mixed African, European, and South American Indian ancestry
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pardoes
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Term that describes simple languages that make it easier for people who speak different languages to understand each other
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pidigin languages
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(Argentina, Brazil) occupies nearly half of the continent of South America
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Brazil
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The world's largest river system, the (Amazon, Rio Bravo), flows across northern Brazil
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Amazon
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an (estuary, isthmus) is a partially enclosed body of water where salty seawater and freshwater mix
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estuary
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(Feijoada, Macumba) combines African, indian, and Catholic religious ideas and practices
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Macumba
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(tapioca, vatapa) is a food made by mixing seafood, sauces, and red peppers
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vatapa
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The word Argentina means
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land of silver
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Under the (parillada, encomienda) system, colonists in Argentina received land and the right to the labor of Indians who lived there
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encomienda
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the cowboys of argentina were known as (milonga, gauchos)
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gauchos
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(Montevideo, Paraguay)is the capital of Uruguay
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Montevideo
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Nearly half of the workers in Paraguay are (farmers, technicians)
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farmers
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Pampas
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grassy plains of Argentina
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Soil exhaustion
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soil lost its nutrients
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favelas
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huge slums
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mercosur
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trade group
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landlocked
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no access to large bodies of water
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What countries are in Central America
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Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
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what is the Capital of Mexico
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Mexico city
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Mexico City was built on the remains of the ____capitol city
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Aztec
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What does Costa Rica mean
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Rich coast
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Terra del Feugo
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island at the southern most tip of South America
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What countries are in South America?
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Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile
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What is the capitol of Brazil
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Brasilia
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What is the Capitol of Paraguay
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Asuncion
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What is the capitol of Uruguay
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Montevideo
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What is the capitol of Argentina
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Buenos Aires
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what is the capitol of Ecuador
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quito
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What is the capitol of Peru
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callao
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What country has the two capitols, La Paz and the capitol Sucre?
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Bolivia
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What is the capitol of Chile
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Santiago
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What countries are in the Caribbean
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Cuba, Jamaica, Hati, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico
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