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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
when did mayan civilization reach its height
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300 and 900 CE
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mayan culture spread over a mesoamerica what present day countrys |
southern mexico, belize, most of guatemala, and parts of honduras and el salvador |
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what regions are known as the lowlands |
the south are pine forests covering mountain highlands, and the northern and central regions which were rainforests, grasslands, and swamps. |
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what covered the southern part of the lowlands |
thick jungle |
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today, what are the lowlands called |
peten, in guatemala |
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where did the olmecs live |
in the jungle areas on the east coast of mexico |
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what was olmecs civilization was based on |
agriculture |
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what was there main crop at the time |
maize or corn |
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what did the olmecs create that stretched for 100s of miles |
trade routes |
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the olmecs were the first mesoamericans to develop what |
large religious and cerimonial centers and first to use a solar calendar. |
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what are the three main mayan periods |
pre classic, classic, and post classic |
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how long did the pre classic period last for, and what happened |
2000 BCE to 300 CE. -mayas farmed land and lived in simple houses -began constructing public buildings for governmental and religious purposes -300 BCE the bagan to adapt the writing system of the olmecs and develop there own system of hieroglyphic writing |
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how long did the classic period last and what happend
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300 to 900 CE -improved on olmec building techniques -built stone cities with elaborate and highly decorated temple pyramids and palaces -built observatorites -created highly accurate calendars from astromony and math -each state included farming communities and one or more cities -the mayan empire included more then forty cities |
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what happened when the classic period collapsed and when |
around 900 CE the mayans abandoned there cities in the southern lowland areas and the cities fell into ruins in the jungle. no one knows why.....ooooo a mystery |
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what happened in the post classic period and when |
lasted from 900 CE to 1500 CE. Mayans continued their ware fare and empire building but they had fewer artistic and cultural acheviments
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list the mayan social pyrimid from top to bottom |
ruler nobles and priests merchants and artisans peasants slaves |
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what did the ruler do |
-the ruler ruled the state -decided who goes to war -was called "true man" -he diciplined - advised by priests and nobles and family members -during religious cerimonies he wore a head dress as tall as a person |
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what did the nobles and priests do |
- scribes and officials -gathered taxes and supplies and labor -only ones who knew how to read and write -led armies to war -offered sacrafices to god, rituals -fortold futures (child was born) -maintained favor to gods |
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what did the merchant and artisans |
-weave and make pottery -design objects for gods - traditional craft -traveled se, rivers, + well constructed roads to trade -imported valuble products from the ighlands |
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what did the peasants do |
- grew spuash beans corn adn cacao - worked on land farming -spent most time in fields -not during growing season theyre building -soldiers during war |
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what did slaves do |
-manual labor for owners -some were born into it, some people became slaves -mayans didnt mistreat slaves -sacrafices when owners died -prisioners of war -criminals -labor for owners |
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what did mayan peasents live in and what did their houses have |
one room huts built of interwoven poles and covered with dry mud. they were often grouped around a shared courtyard with a separate kitchen building behind the main house. |
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what were the daily tasks for a mayan women |
cooked cleaned and watch kids
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what were the daily tasks for a mayan man
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farmed,hunt,trapped |
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what were the 4 cerimonies |
birth of child 3 month age for girls- 4 month age for boys coming of age cerimony marrage ceramony
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what was the birth of child ceremony |
after birth, family called priest to forcast the babys future and give advice to help guide the parents in raising a child |
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what was the 3 month age and 4 month age ceremony |
they would be introduced to the tools they will have to use for the rest of there life. 3 means home, hearth, and fireplace (girls) 4 means the 4 sides of the plot of land where a boy would spend his life (boys) |
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what was the coming of age cerimony |
involved confessing, cleansing with water, and reciting the rules of behavior. girls went through it at age 12 and boys 14 |
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what was the marriage ceremony |
women at age 14 and men at 20. matches were chosen by the village matchmaker and the families had to agree on how much food and clothing would be given to the brides family and they had to agree on the number of years a young man would work for his new wifes family. |
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what was the mayan religion |
polytheistic which means many gods ( they beleived in more then160 gods) |
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what were the primary gods |
forces or objects of nature that affected peoples daily lives. |
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only priests could explain what |
devine signs |
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the mayans belived that what gave the gods strength |
Blood, so they sacraficed animals and sometimes humans |
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what was pok a tok |
an ancient mayan game with a court and 2 stone rings that you have to throw a ball through. the losing team was sacraficed and the captain was be headed |
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what was the sacred calendar |
there were 2 calendars. the first one was based on the solar year. it was like our calendar. the second calendar was sacred had 13 numbers and 20 day names (one we learned today) each day represented one god. only priest could read the calendar |
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what was the primary mayan foods |
maize.beans squash and chili peppers. beans and squash provided people with a healthy diet.
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what were the three mayan farming techniques. |
in the lowlands were raised earth platforms in the highlands (mountains) had terraces in the forest lowlands were slash and burn agriculture |
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when did mayan civilization reach its height |
300 BCE to 900 CE |