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38 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
when did mayan civilization reach its height
300 and 900 CE

mayan culture spread over a mesoamerica what present day countrys

southern mexico, belize, most of guatemala, and parts of honduras and el salvador

what regions are known as the lowlands

the south are pine forests covering mountain highlands, and the northern and central regions which were rainforests, grasslands, and swamps.

what covered the southern part of the lowlands

thick jungle

today, what are the lowlands called

peten, in guatemala

where did the olmecs live

in the jungle areas on the east coast of mexico

what was olmecs civilization was based on

agriculture

what was there main crop at the time

maize or corn

what did the olmecs create that stretched for 100s of miles

trade routes

the olmecs were the first mesoamericans to develop what

large religious and cerimonial centers and first to use a solar calendar.

what are the three main mayan periods

pre classic, classic, and post classic

how long did the pre classic period last for, and what happened

2000 BCE to 300 CE.


-mayas farmed land and lived in simple houses


-began constructing public buildings for governmental and religious purposes


-300 BCE the bagan to adapt the writing system of the olmecs and develop there own system of hieroglyphic writing

how long did the classic period last and what happend


300 to 900 CE


-improved on olmec building techniques


-built stone cities with elaborate and highly decorated temple pyramids and palaces


-built observatorites


-created highly accurate calendars from astromony and math


-each state included farming communities and one or more cities


-the mayan empire included more then forty cities

what happened when the classic period collapsed and when

around 900 CE the mayans abandoned there cities in the southern lowland areas and the cities fell into ruins in the jungle. no one knows why.....ooooo a mystery

what happened in the post classic period and when

lasted from 900 CE to 1500 CE. Mayans continued their ware fare and empire building but they had fewer artistic and cultural acheviments


list the mayan social pyrimid from top to bottom

ruler


nobles and priests


merchants and artisans


peasants


slaves

what did the ruler do

-the ruler ruled the state


-decided who goes to war


-was called "true man"


-he diciplined


- advised by priests and nobles and family members


-during religious cerimonies he wore a head dress as tall as a person

what did the nobles and priests do

- scribes and officials


-gathered taxes and supplies and labor


-only ones who knew how to read and write


-led armies to war


-offered sacrafices to god, rituals


-fortold futures (child was born)


-maintained favor to gods

what did the merchant and artisans

-weave and make pottery


-design objects for gods


- traditional craft


-traveled se, rivers, + well constructed roads to trade


-imported valuble products from the ighlands

what did the peasants do

- grew spuash beans corn adn cacao


- worked on land farming


-spent most time in fields


-not during growing season theyre building


-soldiers during war

what did slaves do

-manual labor for owners


-some were born into it, some people became slaves


-mayans didnt mistreat slaves


-sacrafices when owners died


-prisioners of war


-criminals


-labor for owners

what did mayan peasents live in and what did their houses have

one room huts built of interwoven poles and covered with dry mud. they were often grouped around a shared courtyard with a separate kitchen building behind the main house.

what were the daily tasks for a mayan women

cooked cleaned and watch kids


what were the daily tasks for a mayan man


farmed,hunt,trapped

what were the 4 cerimonies

birth of child


3 month age for girls- 4 month age for boys


coming of age cerimony


marrage ceramony


what was the birth of child ceremony

after birth, family called priest to forcast the babys future and give advice to help guide the parents in raising a child

what was the 3 month age and 4 month age ceremony

they would be introduced to the tools they will have to use for the rest of there life.


3 means home, hearth, and fireplace (girls)


4 means the 4 sides of the plot of land where a boy would spend his life (boys)

what was the coming of age cerimony

involved confessing, cleansing with water, and reciting the rules of behavior. girls went through it at age 12 and boys 14

what was the marriage ceremony

women at age 14 and men at 20. matches were chosen by the village matchmaker and the families had to agree on how much food and clothing would be given to the brides family and they had to agree on the number of years a young man would work for his new wifes family.

what was the mayan religion

polytheistic which means many gods ( they beleived in more then160 gods)

what were the primary gods

forces or objects of nature that affected peoples daily lives.

only priests could explain what

devine signs

the mayans belived that what gave the gods strength

Blood, so they sacraficed animals and sometimes humans

what was pok a tok

an ancient mayan game with a court and 2 stone rings that you have to throw a ball through. the losing team was sacraficed and the captain was be headed

what was the sacred calendar

there were 2 calendars. the first one was based on the solar year. it was like our calendar. the second calendar was sacred had 13 numbers and 20 day names (one we learned today) each day represented one god. only priest could read the calendar

what was the primary mayan foods

maize.beans squash and chili peppers. beans and squash provided people with a healthy diet.


what were the three mayan farming techniques.

in the lowlands were raised earth platforms


in the highlands (mountains) had terraces


in the forest lowlands were slash and burn agriculture

when did mayan civilization reach its height

300 BCE to 900 CE