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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rights
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Privileges that are granted and guaranteed by government legislation.
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Freedoms
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Privileges that are so basic laws of the government cannot restrict them. Examples include freedom of religious worship,expression and peaceful assembly.
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Duties |
The obligations the government places on people in return for their rights |
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Responsibilities |
Those obligations that extend beyond legal duties to include the types of behavior that shows respect for the rights of others. |
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Common Law |
Based on the rulings by judges in court cases |
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StatuteLaw |
The body of written law that has been passed as legislation by federal, provincial and territorial,and local governments. |
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Entrenched |
When a right is given special protection by being included in the Constitution. |
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Legal Rights |
Rights that are guaranteed by law; in Canada the term refers especially to those rights specifically listed in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. |
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Equality Rights |
rights guaranteeing freedom from discrimination based on age, colour, family status, mental or physical ability, national or ethnic origin, pardoned convictions, religion, or sex. In Canada, these rights are entrenched in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. |
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Security Certificates |
Documents that permit foreign-born, non-Canadians thought to be a danger to be detained without charge. |
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Discrimination |
An action or policythat shows prejudice against or in favour of a person or group of people |
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The Canadian Bill of Rights |
- Formally recognizing the rights held by Canadians undercommon law -Two Views on the Bill of Rights: 1. The people that believed that the rights of Canadian citizens were secure enough because they were protected by traditional practices, common law 2. The people that believed our human rights would be secure only when those rights were identified and passed into statute law |
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The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms |
-Morepowerful than provincial and municipal laws |
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Nuclear Proliferation
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Rapid increase in nuclear weapons through countries such as the United States and the Soviet Union in the Cold War
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Nationalism
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Aggressive or extreme patriotism. This reflected the passions of people at the beginning of World War I during disputes about the people inside the country of Austria-Hungary and also during disputes about national borders in Europe.
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Militarism
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The political party of placing higher value on the armed forces and military goals than on democracy or other political systems. Under militarism, a solution using armed force is preferred to other methods of problem solving. This came from the disputes at the beginning of World War I about the people inside the country of Austria-Hungary and also during disputes about national borders in Europe.
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Triple Entente
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The agreement between Britain, France, and Russia in 1914 to help each other in case of war. This group fought the Triple Alliance consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in WW1.
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Corps
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An army unit with 40 000 or more soldiers and commanded by a lieutenant general. In World War I, the Canadian Corps was made up of four divisions. The Canadian Corps had entered combat in WW1 in the spring of 1915 and were involved in many bitter battles but Canadians always stayed proud and the army soon gained reputation for bravery and good organization.
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Conscientious Objectors
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A person who refuses military service on the grounds of religious or moral opposition to war. Although it was legal for these people to avoid military service in Canada after conscription was made, they were often insulted by other citizens.
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Allies |
Canada, Britain, France, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the other nations who united to defeat Germany, Italy, and Japan (Axis) during World War II. |
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Axis |
The alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II to defeat the Allies. Germany never fought alongside Japan during the war but both nations were still allies. |
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Aryan |
The ancient peoples from which Hitler believed that all "pure" Germans were descended. However, there is no scientific evidence to support Hitler's belief in a pure race. Hitler aimed his hatred at all non-Aryans and Jewish people in particular. |
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Genocide |
The intentional and systematic extermination of a race of people or a nation. After 1941 Hitler tried using a genocide plan to kill all the Jews in Europe called the "Final Solution." |
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Cold War |
A period lasting approximately from 1945 to 1989, when there was tension and hostility between the communist countries of Eastern Europe and the democratic countries of Western Europe and the United States, but no actual fighting between the two groups. |
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Peacekeeping |
An action by armed forces of the United Nations to maintain peaceful relations in a region where warfare has occurred but a truce has beendeclared. In peacekeeping, the UN role is largely passive and non-aggressive. The UN intervention following the Suez crisis is an example of a peacekeeping action. |
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Diplomat |
A government employee who conducts relations with another government. The secretary-general for the UN is an important diplomat who represents the UN and negotiates with other diplomats and world leaders to meet the goals of peace and justice. |
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Veto |
The power to reject a bill or proposal. In reference to the United Nations, a veto is the power of any one of the permanent members of the Security Council (United States, Russia, China, Great Britain, or France) to defeat a proposal. |
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Apartheid |
The policy of racial segregation and discrimination practised in South Africa. “Apartheid” is the Afrikaans word for “apartness.” The South Africans introduced apartheid in 1948 by using a system of laws that denied equal rights to Black people and other groups in the country. |
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Embargo |
Suspension of trade relations with another country. In 1977, the UN made the weapons embargo against South Africa mandatory to stop the country's apartheid. |
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Sovereignty |
The supreme and independent political control of a country, involving the recognition of a country. The Nuremberg Trials in 1946 that charged German military and political leaders, established the principle that sovereignty could not be used as a shield for a state to hide behind to violate the universal rights of people. |
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Biodiversity |
The variety of living forms in a region. Twenty-five biodiversity hotspots have been identified around the world. They represent 44% of the plants and 35% of the land animals, but just 1.4% of the land surface. |
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Sustainable Development |
The concept that a country’s economic progress should occur at a pace that can be maintained over the long term and without exhausting the country’s natural resources. This theory has been produced by environmental economists to meet the challenges of a high level of development that countries are entitled to. |
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Bilateral Action |
Activity, such as a trade agreement, that is undertaken between two countries. Unilateral action occurs when one country acts by itself, without securing agreement from another country. Bilateral action has been demonstrated by Canada and the United States in the 1970s and 1980s in the issue of acid rain in North America. |
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Multilateral Action |
Cooperation among many nations. Through the United Nations, countries come together to discuss world concerns and to work together for world peace. Issues that were worked on through multilateralism and the UN include the Earth Summit of 1992 and the Kyoto Protocol. |
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Non-Governmental Organization |
An organization, often involved in international relief work or with local charities, that is not directly associated with the government. NGOs receive voluntary donations from Canadians and from the federal government to be used for developing nations. Ex.) Oxfam |
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Colombo Plan |
An international relief effort established by the Commonwealth countries in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 1950 to provide aid for its less-developed members. It marked the beginning of Canada’s foreign aid program. |
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Coup d'état |
An illegal, often violent, seizure of power in a nation. Canada trades with the types of countries that would form a coup d'état. |
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Linkage |
Refers to the diplomatic practice of linking or tying discussion of one issue, such as human rights, to another issue, such as trade or economic aid. The UN uses linkage as a way of showing concern about human rights violations. |
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Indigenous |
Comes from a Latin word meaning “born in.” Indigenous or Aboriginal peoples are those who are native to, or the first inhabitants of, a particular region. They were often displaced or exploited by later colonists. A similarity between the Aboriginals in Canada and the Aboriginals in the rest of the world is that both their lives were forever changed with the arrival of immigrants from other lands. |
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Inoculation |
A form of disease prevention by which a person is injected with a small amount of a disease-causing agent to encourage the body to develop immunity to that disease. By the end of the 1700s, the inoculation for smallpox had been discovered. Despite the new knowledge of inoculation, smallpox still spread among people who had not been vaccinated. |
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Earth Charter - Which 1 of 4 sections is the most important and why? (3 marks) |
4.Democracy, Non-violence, and Peace13. Strengthen democratic institutions at all levels, and provide transparency and accountability in governance, inclusive in decision-making, and access to justice.14. Integrate into formal education and life-long learning the knowledge, values, and skills needed for a sustainable way of life.15. Treat all living beings with respect and consideration.16. Promote a culture of tolerance, non-violence, and peace. |
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Cycle of Poverty |
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WW1 causes |
-WW1 began in Europe
-Extreme feelings of militarism ruled the passions of people - By 1914, Europe was essentially divided into two camps: 1. TripleEntente: Consisted of France, Russia, and Great Britain. 2. TripleAlliance: Consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. (Italy joined theEntente in 1915.)-The triple entente was created for geographic reasons -France and Great Britain together, Triple Alliance in themiddle of Europe, Russia on the other side -Germany’s emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II, wanted to have amassive navy to ensure German prestige and to challenge Britain’s Royal Navy -Led to new weapons and technology -Serbia joined the tripleentente to beat the Austria-Hungary alliance -In June 1914, ArchdukeFranz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife were assassinated in Serbia -Serbians affiliated withthe Entente -Triple Alliance threatensthe Entente (June and July 1914) -August 1, the French Armywas mobilized -August 3, Germany invadedBelgium -British promised to defendBelgium, also bringing in Canada with British |
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Criminal Law |
Deals with the punishment of people who commit crimesagainst the public. Ex.) Murder, arson, theft -Criminal law is made up by Parliament and is placed in heCriminal Code of Canada -The Criminal Code also states how the offender should bepunished -The federal and provincial governments bring the offenderto trial |
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1. CivilLaw |
-Deals with protection of private rights-Examples include disputes over: contracts, personalrelationships, property-The injured party takes the offender to trial-Both levels of government deal with civil law-The injured party is called the Plaintiff, who takes theDefendant to court |
