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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FEDFERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION
FDIC |
-insured depositers savings
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SEC
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMINSIONS
-regulate the stock market |
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FERA
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISTATION
-made outright grants to states and municipalities to distribute as they choose |
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PWA
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PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION
-offered jobs instead of handouts |
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CWA
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CIVIL WORKERS ADMINISTRATION
-Hired jobless persons |
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TVA
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TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
-designed to promote the developement of a seven state region |
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CCC
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CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS
- offere outdoor work to unemployed single men ages 18-25 |
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AAA
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AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT
-the government paid farmers who reduced production of basic crops like cotton, wheat, tobacco, hogs and co(paid farmers not to produce crops) |
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NIRA
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NATIONAL INDUSTRY RECOVERY ACT
-provided that representatives of labor and of managment from competing companies draw up "codes of fair competitiion" in each industry (established minimum wage levels) |
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NRA
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NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION
-used the power of public opinion to enlist the cooperation of buissness (spread production to as many firms as possible) |
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WPA
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WORKS PRODUCT ADMINISTRATION
-to provide a chance for all people to use their skills to earn an income (work for all people) |
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NYA
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NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION
-helped highschool and college students stay in school by giving them part-time work such as typing and library catalogging |
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NLRB
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NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
-could hold secret elections in factories to find out if workers wanted to unionize |
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CIO
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CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS
-moved into industries that AFL had long neglected |
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SSA
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SOCIAL SECURITY ACT
-provided retirement benifits |
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NLRA
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NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT (Wagner act)
-protects workers right to organize |
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FLSA
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FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT
-abolished child labor and placed a ceiling on hours and a floor under wages (minimum wage) |
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When did Herbert Hoover win the republican nomination?
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1928
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Who was a successful geologist who spent 8 years as a secretary of commerce in the Harding and Coolidge administtrations?
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Herbert Hoover
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a place or building where arms and millitary equipment are sold.
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armory
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stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments traded ib a stock exchange.
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securities
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risky buissness venture involving buying or selling in the hope of making a large, quick profit.
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speculation
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method of buying stock with a small cash down payment and the rest bprrowed from a stockbroker. Stockbroker holds shares of stock as collateral for the loan;borrower repays broker from stock resale profits.
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on margin
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system of paying for goods at regular intervals, usually with interest added to the balance.
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installment buying
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elected official who continues to hold office during the period between the election and the inaugaration of the successor
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lame duck
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What was the most visible issue in the elsction of 1928?
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Prohibition
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What did both candiddates in the election of 1928 vow to continue enforcing?
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Prohibition
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What did Hoover represent?
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rural agararian interests
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What did Smith represent?
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urban industrial interests
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What was at the core of a smear campaign against Smith`s Catholicism?
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Religion
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What did some believe the hite house would become under Smith?
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a branch of the Vatican
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What was the campaign issue that proved most damaging to the demorats in the election of 1928?
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Prosperity
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What did Hoover still radiate when he took office in March 1929?
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optism
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What did Hoover predict in his inaugural Address?
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that the United States would soon be "in sight of the dayt when poverty will be banished from this nation"
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What did Hoover appoint commisions to do?
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investigate problems such as housing, retirement pensions, unemployment insurance, child welfare, and conservation.
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When did the market value of securities, or stocks and bonds, on the New York stock exchange more than tripple?
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between 1925 and 1929__from $27 billion to $87 billion
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How long was the Great Depression?
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12 years
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What were the causes of the depression?
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so complex that economists have debated the issue ever since.
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In 1932, how many companies closed?
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over 30,000 companies closed
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What happened all over the United States to familes who were not able to pay their rent or mortagages?
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they were evicted from their homes
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What happened to some people who were evicted from their homes?
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some ended up in communities or makeshift shacks on the outskirts of cities
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What replaced the buoyant optism of the 1920s as the depression deepened?
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fear and despair
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What did loss of confidence effect?
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all sorts of people
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What happened to some people who lost their jobs?
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suffered such emotional effects that they became unemployable.
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What did buissness leaders hesitate to do?
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build new factories or bring out new products
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What was one of the great ironies of the depression?
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that starvation existed in the midst of plenty
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What happened to the productive capacity of farmers?
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it did not slacken
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What are makeshift communities on the outskirts of cities where the less fortunate that coulndt move in with their relatives ended up?
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Hoovervilles
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What did nearly every street corner have?
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apple seller
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Why were so many apples available during the Depression?
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because of a surplus of the fruit in the Pacific Northwest.
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Who did many Americans blame for the use of brutal and excessive force against the veterans?
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Hoover
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When did Hoover seem more than even an inflexable leader?
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When he used brutal and excessive force against the veterans
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What started to spread during this time of bewilderment and despair?
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fear of revolution
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What happened as the presidential election of 1932 approached?
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The Democrats sensed victory for the first time since 1916
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What was the bonius army?
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veterans who went to collect their bonus early from world war one
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Who was General Douglas Mcarther?
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commander of the troops who carried out the Presidents orders to clear the Veterans from federal buildings using tanks machine guns and tear gas his troops drove the veterans out of washington and burned their camp.
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How did Historian Fredrick Lewis Allen described the chaos that resulted from the bonus army?
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Cavalrymen were riding into the crowd, infantry men were throwing tear gas bombs, women and children were being trampled and choking from the gas......People were running wildly, pell-mell across uneven ground, screaming as they stumbled and fell. The troops moved slowly on, scattering before them veterans and homegoing government clerks alike... That evening, the Washington sky glowed with firre. Even after midnight the troops were still on their way with bayonets and tear gas bombs.
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What happened when the presidential election of 1932 approached?
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the Democrats sensed victory for the first time since 1916.
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What are the Anacostia flats?
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Where the veterans(bonus army) built Hoovervilles.
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Who was Theodore Bilbo?
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governor of Mississippi , who believed planned economy would end the depression.
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Who was Earl Browder?
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had the omelette theory, leader of the communist party.
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What is cummunism?
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economic theory that believed total equality for all people, Eutopian society.
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What is a president in office between election and inauguaration?
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lame duck
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What was Hoovers suggestion for the great depression?
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trickling down theory
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What day did the stock market crash?
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OCTOBER 29, 1929
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for four months what was Hoover because his term was about to end?
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a lame duck
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During the time Hoover was a lame duck what was the nation?
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virtually leaderless.
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When was the 20th ammendment added to the constituitioin which changed the date of the presidential inauguration from march 4 to january 20?
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In the time between Roosevelts election and his inauguration in March.
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What would have happened if the 20th ammendment had gone into effect sooner?
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it would have been better for the country.
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Who was the new president after hoover who was without power to act until he was inauguated?
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FDR
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What happened during the time Hoover was a lame duck?
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the entire banking system disintegrtated and the economy ground to almost a standstill.
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What were fears of a revolution in the US?
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proved to be unfounded
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What were protest movements even though many Americans, were suffering, were angry, and wanted a change?
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tended to be splintered, no single leader emergened to galvanize them or act as a unifying force.
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What did most Americans do when they were angry?
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clung to their democratic traditions and expressed their angers at the ballot box,
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how many years did Hoover spend in the Harding and Cooling administrations?
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8
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What did the Prohibitation issue do?
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masked other important differences between the candidates
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What did Hoover predict in his inaugural address?
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that the United States would soon be "in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation"
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Who was General george W. Wickerson?
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former attorney that headed one oh Hoovers commisions who devoted two years to investigating Prohibitation
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What was an issue that demanded more immediate action?
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the plight of farmers
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What happened as prices rose?
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more and more people began speculating.
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What is speculation?
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engaging in resky buissness venture on the chance that a quick or sizeable profit can be made
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What was an example of speculation?
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People bought shares they thought would rise in price quickly and after prices went up they would sell the stocks for a profit.
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what did speculators do to maximize the potential profits of their investments?
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they bought stocks on margin
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what is a storehouse for a gun called?
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armory
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Where were the places where Hoover thought the government could make useful contributions?
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conservation of natural resources, scientific research, and flood control.
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What were the 5 events that occured during the stock market crash?
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-people stopped buying stocks
-the prices go down -people sell there shares to pay off loans -prices drop lower -PANIC! |
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What is overproduction?
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Laborsaving machinery had increased the production capacity of the nation`s industries so much that far more goods were produced than the American population could consume.
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what is an agreement wherby a purchaser made a downpayment and paid the rest of the cost in periodic regular installments to which interest charge was added?
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installment buying.
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By the late 1920s how did most consumers who could afford high-cost items such as refridgerators, cars, or stoves by them?
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on an installment plan.
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explain underconsumption.
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production increased, employment stood still and workers wages went up very slowly, so people werent buying alot.
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What did Hoover remind his listeners?
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"our expieriment in human welfare has yielded a degree of well-being unparalleled in the world...We are nearer to the ideal of abolition of poverty and fear from the lives of men and women then ever before in any land."
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