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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
myth
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traditional story describing gods or heroes or explaining natural events
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oracle
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sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess
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epic
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long poem that tells about legendary or heroic deeds
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drama
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story told by actors who pretend to be characters in the story
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tragedy
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form of drama in which a person struggles to overcome difficulties but meets an unhappy end
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comedy
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form of drama in which the story has a happy ending
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philosophy
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study of the nature and meaning of life; comes from the Greek word for "love of wisdom"
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philosopher
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thinker who seeks wisdom and ponders questions about life
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Sophist
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professional teacher in ancient Greece; believed that people should use knowledge to improve themselves and developed the art of public speaking and debate
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Socratic method
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way of teaching developed by Socrates that used a question-and-answer format to force students to use their reason to see things for themselves
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legacy
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what a person leaves behind when he or she dies
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Hellenistic Era
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period when the Greek language and Greek ideas spread to the non-Greek peoples of southwest Asia
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Epicureanism
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philosophy founded by Epicurus in Hellenistic Athens; taught that happiness through the pursuit of pleasure was the goal of life
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Stoicism
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philosophy founded by Zeno in Hellenistic Athens; taught that happiness came not from following emotions, but from following reason and doing one's duty
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astronomer
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person who studies stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies
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Mount Olympus
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the highest mountain in Greece; according to Greek mythology, the home of the 12 most important Greek gods and goddesses
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Delphi
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ancient Greek city and the site of the oracle at the Temple of Apollo
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Homer
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Greek poet and author of the epics the Iliad and the Odyssey
stories based on courage, honor, and loyalty may have been blind |
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Aesop
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a Greek slave known for his famous fables, which he composed about 550 B.C.
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Sophocles
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a Greek general and well-known writer of tragedies; he introduced three actors in his stories and placed painted scenes behind the stage as a backdrop to the action; his most famous plays are Oedipus Rex and Antigone
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Euripides
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A Greek playwright know for his tragedies in which he questioned traditional thinking, especially about war
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Pythagoras
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Greek philosopher and mathematician famous for his Pythagorean theorum in geometry; he believed that all relationships in the world could be expressed in numbers
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Socrates
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An Athenian sculptor and philosopher who was a critic of the Sophists; he believed in an absolute right and wrong and created the Socratic method of teaching through questioning
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Plato
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a student of Socrates, he wrote the Republic in which he describes his ideal government; he believed in equal education and job opportunities for men and women; he also established a school in Athens known as the Academy
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Aristotle
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a student of Plato, he opened his own school called the Lyceum; he taught his students the golden mean, which says that a person should do nothing in excess; he encouraged scientific observation and wrote about government
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Herodotus
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considered the "father of history", he wrote the history of the Persian Wars; he asked questions, recorded answers, and checked the truthfulness of his sources; he tried to separate fact from legend
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Thucydides
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considered the greatest historian of the ancient world, he wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War; he is known for reporting accurate facts
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Macedonia
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a powerful kingdom that lay north of Greece; it was ruled by Philip II in 359 B.C.
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Chaeronea
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a battle in which the Macedonians defeated the Greek army near Thebes in 338 B.C.; after this battle Phillip II controlled all of Greece
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Syria
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a region in ancient times that was located on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea and was conquered by Alexander the Great; today this area consists of the countries of Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan
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Herodotus
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considered the "father of history", he wrote the history of the Persian Wars; he asked questions, recorded answers, and checked the truthfulness of his sources; he tried to separate fact from legend
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Thucydides
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considered the greatest historian of the ancient world, he wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War; he is known for reporting accurate facts
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Macedonia
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a powerful kingdom that lay north of Greece; it was ruled by Philip II in 359 B.C.
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Chaeronea
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a battle in which the Macedonians defeated the Greek army near Thebes in 338 B.C.; after this battle Phillip II controlled all of Greece
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Syria
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a region in ancient times that was located on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea and was conquered by Alexander the Great; today this area consists of the countries of Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan
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Theocritus
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poet during the Hellenistic Era who wrote short poems about the beauty of nature
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Aristarchus
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an astronomer who claimed that the sun was the center of the universe at a time when other astronomers thought that the Earth was the center of the universe
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Eratosthenes
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an astronomer in charge of the library at Alexandria; he concluded that the Earth was round and measured the circumference of the Earth and distance to the sun and moon using his knowledge of geometry and astronomy
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Euclid
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the most famous Greek mathematician and author of the book Elements, which describes plane geometry
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Archimedes
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a Greek scientist of the Hellenistic Era who worked on solid geometry, that is the study of spheres and cylinders; he figured out the value of pi, the number used to measure the area of circles, and he invented catapults, machines that hurled arrows
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Who is Zeus
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He is king of the gods and God of the sky. God of rain and lighting.
Symbol-oak tree and eagle Weapon- thunder bolt and lighting Powers- punishing crime, and protecting faithful worshippers |
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Who is Athena
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She is the goddess of wisdom and all intellectual activities
Symbol- owl and olive tree Weapon- lance and shield Powers- giving men wisdom and protecting Athens |
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Who is Hera
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She is the goddess of women and motherhood. Queen of all gods.
Symbol- None Warpon- prophesy and trickery Powers- commanding the winds and watching over women and mothers |
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Who is Demeter
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Goddess of the harvest
Symbol- None Weapon- None Powers- controlling all harvests |
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Who is Aphrodite
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Goddess of love and beauty
Symbol- Dove, apple,myrtle, and rose Weapon- None Powers- making both gods and mortals fall in love with whomever she chooses |
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Who is Artemis
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Goddess of the moon and the hunt
Symbol- lion, bear, wolf, and many wild birds Weapon- bow and arrow Powers- protecting cities, wild animals, and women Twin of Apollo |
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Who is Ares
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God of war
Symbol- spear and flaming torch Warpon- spearPowers- waging war |
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Who is Hermes
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Messenger of gods, also, god of dreams, commerce, treaties, travelers, inventions, science, arts,and oratory
Symbol- the #4 Weapon- None ( he carries a messenger's staff with a white ribbon that marked him as neutral in any conflict) Powers- traveling anywhere instantly |
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Who is Apollo
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God of sun, medicine, music, poetry, dance mathematics, herdsmen, and prophecy
Symbol- Laurel tree and the number 7 Weapon- bow and arrow Powers- making the sun rise, promoting learning, and healing people Twin of Artemis |
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Who is Hestia
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Goddess of hearth and marriage
Symbol- None Weapon- None Powers- protectibng all orphan and homeless children and watching over the home |
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Who were the Titans
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Powers- controlling the sea, sun, moon, harvesta, justice, planets,and memories
6 brothers and 5 sisters |
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Who is Hephaestus
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God if blacksmiths and craftsmen
Symbol- blacksmith's hammers and armor of the gods Weapon- None but made the gods their armor Powers- creating magical, useful, and beautiful objects |
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Who is Poseidon
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God of the seas and navigation
Symbol- pine tree and horse Weapon- trident(can cause storms, floods, and earthquakes, eprings to flow and rivers to dry up) Powers- causing and calming earthquakes, storms, and other natural disasters |
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Who is Dionysus
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God of wine and parties
Symbol- grapes, ivy and rose Weapon- None Powers- bringing great joy and productivty or misery and destruction to mortals |
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Who is Hades
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God of the underworld and King of the dead
Symbol- None Weapon- cap of invisibility Powers-bringing about death and ruling the Underworld |
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Who were the Titans
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Powers- controlling the sea, sun, moon, harvesta, justice, planets,and memories
6 brothers and 5 sisters |
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Who is Hephaestus
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God if blacksmiths and craftsmen
Symbol- blacksmith's hammers and armor of the gods Weapon- None but made the gods their armor Powers- creating magical, useful, and beautiful objects |
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Who is Poseidon
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God of the seas and navigation
Symbol- pine tree and horse Weapon- trident(can cause storms, floods, and earthquakes, eprings to flow and rivers to dry up) Powers- causing and calming earthquakes, storms, and other natural disasters |
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Who is Dionysus
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God of wine and parties
Symbol- grapes, ivy and rose Weapon- None Powers- bringing great joy and productivty or misery and destruction to mortals |
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Who is Hades
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God of the underworld and King of the dead
Symbol- None Weapon- cap of invisibility Powers-bringing about death and ruling the Underworld |
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Who is Zeus
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He is king of the gods and God of the sky. God of rain and lighting.
Symbol-oak tree and eagle Weapon- thunder bolt and lighting Powers- punishing crime, and protecting faithful worshippers |
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Who is Athena
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She is the goddess of wisdom and all intellectual activities
Symbol- owl and olive tree Weapon- lance and shield Powers- giving men wisdom and protecting Athens |
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Who is Hera
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She is the goddess of women and motherhood. Queen of all gods.
Symbol- None Warpon- prophesy and trickery Powers- commanding the winds and watching over women and mothers |
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Who is Demeter
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Goddess of the harvest
Symbol- None Weapon- None Powers- controlling all harvests |
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Who is Aphrodite
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Goddess of love and beauty
Symbol- Dove, apple,myrtle, and rose Weapon- None Powers- making both gods and mortals fall in love with whomever she chooses |
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What is the Socratic Method?
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question everything
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How did Plato feel about democracy?
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only the wise should work
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What was Aristotle's ideal form of govenment?
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oligarchy/deocracy
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Who is the "Father of History"?
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Herodotus
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Decribe the main difference Herodotus and Thucydides
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T~ history was caused by people
H~ incorperated by gods |
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Decribe the Ilaid
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the prince of Troy (Paris), kidnaps tehe wife (Helen) of the king of Sparta
The Greek city-states unite and attack Troy |
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Who is Achilles?
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most famous Greek soldier
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Who is Hector?
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most famous Trojan soldier and the Prince of Troy
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The 3 types of columns
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Doric~ plain looking
Ionic~ curvy looking Cirinthian~ fancy looking |
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"Golden Mean"
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A balance
B harmany C moderation |
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Decribe the Odyssey
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Tells the story if Odysseus
~ decribes his journey homefrom Troy ~ encounters storms, witches, giants,monsters, etc. |
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How long did the Trojan War last?
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10 years
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Decribe the war
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~Greeks sneak into a wooden horse as a "peace offering" and then the Greeks capture Troy
~ "What started with anapple, ended with a horse". |
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Who was Philp the 2nd?
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king of Macedonia(N of Greece)
~wanted to conquer Persia ~ needed to expand his army/land ~ needed to unite Greece/Macedonia ~ He conquers Greece at the Battle of Chaeronea |
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What is the Hellenistic Era???
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~ due to Alexander's conquests, Greek ideas & culture spread to non-Greek areas
"like the Greeks" |
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Alexander the Great (decribe him and his duties)
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1- takes over after father is murdered
2- wants to fulfill father's dreams if conquering Persia 3- Major conquests of Persia 4- plans to invade S. Arabia but becomes ill anddies Extend into India & Pakistan |
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Empire falls... name the 4 thing that happened
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Generals fight for power after his death
divide into *Egypt *Macedonia *Pergamum *Selucid |
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Random Fact you need to know
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A- philos, poets, scientists, etc., moved to new Greek cities during Hellenistic Era
Example- Alexandria 1- hired Greek architects to duplicate Greekcities |
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Apollonius- Arganautica
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most stories were about love and relationships
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Where do most of the Gods live?
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Mt. Olympus
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Oedipus Rey
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tragic taleof man who marries his mother and kills his dad
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