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28 Cards in this Set
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Free Soil Party
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a small political party, active in the U.S. in the 1848 and 1852 presidential elections; the party was formed by antislavery northerners who supported the Wilmot Proviso because the Whig and Democrat parties did not address slavery
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Republican Party
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formed in 1854 by former Whigs, Free-Soilers, and some Democrats who were united against the spread of slavery in the West and against the Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Democratic Party
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A political party formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson after the election of 1824
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Whigs
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An American political party formed in the 1834 to oppose President Andrew Jackson (who supported a strong legislature), stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements; fell apart after Bleeding Kansas
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Constitution Union Party
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A political party formed in 1860 formed by a group of northers that supported the union, its laws and constitution
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Know-Nothing Party
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a nativist political party founded in 1849 that opposed immigration during the 1840s and early 1850s; officially called the American Party; this political party supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens or hold office
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Missouri Compromise
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An agreement proposed by Henry Clay that allowed Missoiri to enter the union as a slave state and maine to enter as a free state and outlawed slavery any states above 36, 30
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Prigg Decision
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Edward Prigg claimed that the Pennsylvania law under which he was convicted for returning a runaway slave to her master was unconstitutional.
The Supreme Court struck down Pennsylvania's law and reversed Prigg's conviction. On one level, Prigg strengthened the federal government's power and weakened state power. On another level, the decision was a victory for slavery, which would divide the country in a civil war nineteen years later. |
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Wilmot Proviso
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a bill, sponsored by David Wilmot, that would have banned slavery in the remaining territories of the Mexican Cession; it led to the introduction of the idea of popular sovereignty, as a kind of compromise between those who fully supported this bill, and those who opposed it
passed in the house but failed in the senate Sponsored by David Wilmot, a senator from Pennsylvania |
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Compromise of 1850
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a plan, developed by Senator Henry Clay, that was meant to help the U.S. maintain peace, while allowing California to be admitted as a free state and divided the remaining territory of the mexican cession into two parts, where slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty
the terms of the plan were: 1. Remaining land from war with Mexico divided into Utah and New Mexico popular sovereignty territories 2. California is admitted as Free State 3. No slave trade in Washington DC (slavery still legal) 4. Stricter Fugitive Slave Act 5. Texas agrees to give up some lands to New Mexico in exchange for federal aid |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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a plan, introduced by Stephen A. Douglas in 1854, that would divide the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories - Kansas and Nebraska - and allow the people in each territory to decide on the question of slavery (popular sovereignty); it eliminated the Missouri Compromise's restriction on slavery north of the 36°30' line (the southern boundary of Missouri)
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Dred Scott Decision
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an 1857 Supreme Court case that finished with Chief Justice Roger B. Tany's ruling that African Americans, whether free or slave, were not citizens of the U.S.; that living in a free state or territory, even for many years, did not free slaves; and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional - meaning that slavery should be allowed in all states, so Congress did NOT have the power to ban slavery
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Crittendon Amendment
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unsuccessful last-minute effort to avert the Civil War. It was proposed in Congress as a constitutional amendment in Dec., 1860, by Sen. John J. Crittenden of Kentucky with support from the National Union party. Basically, it accepted the boundary between free and slave states that had been set by the Missouri Compromise (1820–21), extended the line to California, and assured the continuation of slavery where it already existed. In addition, it advocated slavery in the District of Columbia, upheld the fugitive slave law (1850) with minor modifications, and called for vigorous suppression of the African slave trade
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John Bell
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A wealthy slaveholder from Tennessee, Bell served in the United States Congress in both the House of Representatives and Senate. He began his career as a Democrat, he eventually fell out with Andrew Jackson and became a Whig. In 1860, he was among the three presidential candidates defeated by Abraham Lincoln in a bitterly divided election that helped spark the American Civil War.
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John C. Breckenridge
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was an American lawyer and politician. He served as a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Kentucky and was the 14th Vice President of the United States (1857-1861).
In the 1860 presidential election, he ran as one of two candidates of the fractured Democratic Party, representing Southern Democrats. Breckinridge came in third place in the popular vote, behind winner Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, and Stephen Douglas, a Northern Democrat, but finished second in the Electoral College vote. |
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Abraham Lincoln
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a Republican and the 16th President of the United States; he was opposed to the expansion of slavery into the West; with his election, South Carolina seceded from the Union and many other Southern states soon followed; he hoped that southern states would return to the Union and, in his inaugural address, made it clear that he did not want to start a war with the seceded states
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Stephen A. Douglas
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an American politician from Illinois, nicknames the "Little Giant" because he was short, but he was a "giant" in politics; wanted to build a railroad in the North and sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act in a failed attempt to win support for his railroad
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Fredrick Douglass
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a former slave who was an abolitionist, a brilliant public speaker, and a self-educated man (and a well-educated one, for that matter). He helped convince many people that slavery; he also wrote and published "Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass;" which depicted slavery as being cruel.
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John C. Fremont
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was an American military officer, explorer, and the first candidate of the anti-slavery Republican Party for the office of President of the United States
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John C. Calhoun
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a senator from South Carolina who was Vice President of the U.S. under John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson; when debating the Compromise of 1850, he believed that letting California enter as a free state would destroy the nation's balance and lead to war
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Sojouner Truth
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an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826. After going to court to recover her son, she became the first black woman to win such a case against a white man.Helped recruit black troops for the union army
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William Lloyd Garrison
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was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, and as one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society, he promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. Garrison was also a prominent voice for the women's suffrage movement.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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person who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin; Abraham Lincoln once said to her, "So, you're the little lady who made this big war"
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John Brown
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in 1859, the militant abolitionist John Brown seized the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry in an unorganized effort to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. Although Brown was determined, the raid failed and Brown was captured and hanged.
the south felt threatened by John Brown's Raid and some became convinced that "the safety of the South lies only outside the present Union" |
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James Buchanan
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15th President
Buchanan's efforts to maintain peace between the North and the South alienated both sides, and the Southern states declared their secession in the prologue to the American Civil War. Buchanan's view of record was that secession was illegal, but that going to war to stop it was also illegal. |
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Dred Scott
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born a slave in Virginia, this man moved with his slaveholder to the free state of Illinois and then to Wisconsin Territory; after returning to the South, he sued for his freedom, claiming that because he had lived in a state that banned slavery, he was no longer a slave
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Hinton Rowan Helper
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was a Southern US critic of slavery during the 1850s. In 1857, he published a book which he dedicated to the "nonslaveholding whites" of the South. The Impending Crisis of the South, written partly in North Carolina but published when the author was in the North, argued that slavery hurt the economic prospects of non-slaveholders, and was an impediment to the growth of the entire region of the South.
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Harriet Tubman
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was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War. After escaping from slavery, into which she was born, she made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era struggled for women's suffrage.
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