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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was elected unanimously as the first president under the federal constitution? When and where? |
George Washington April 30, 1789 New York |
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Who became George Washington's Vice President? |
John Adams |
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Why did Americans trust George Washington? |
Believed that his leadership had brought them victory in the revolutionary war |
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What is a precedent and how would the ones that George Washington set effect the nation? What is one precedent he established? |
A tradition They would shape the future of the United States
People were to address him as Mr. President |
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When did congress set up three departments in the executive branch of government? |
During the summer of 1789 |
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What were these three departments and what could they do? |
State department : handled relations with other nations
Treasury department : dealt with financial matters
War department : provided for the nations defense |
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What were the heads of these departments known as and who was chosen to lead them? |
Secretary of State (state department) Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of the treasury ( treasury department) Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of war ( war department) Henry Knox |
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What is the purpose of the office of attorney general? Who headed it? What is the purpose of the office of the postmaster general? |
Office of attorney general : Handled governments legal affairs Edmund Randolph
Office of postmaster general : Directed the postal service |
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The three department heads and the attorney general became known as what? |
The cabinet |
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What is the cabinet |
Group of advisors to the president that consists of the Secretary of State Secretary of treasury Secretary of war And attorney general |
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What authority did the president have over the executive departments? How was this decided? |
President has the authority to dismiss cabinet officers without the senates approval
VP John Adams broke the tie by voting to allow the president to two this |
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What is the judiciary act of 1789? What was it helping set up? |
A compromise in which congress established a federal court system with 13 district courts and three circuit courts to serve the nation
The nations court system |
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What would be the final authority on many issues under the judiciary act of 1789? Who was nominated to be Chief Justice? What was their duty? |
The Supreme Court
John Jay To lead the Supreme Court |
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Who fulfilled the promises made during the fight for ratification of the constitution? How? |
James Madison Introduced a set of amendments during the session of congress |
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How many of Madison's amendments were ratified? When were they added to the constitution? What were they known as? |
10 December 1791 Bill of rights |
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What did the newly added bill of rights limit? What is its purpose? |
Limited the powers of government
Purpose is to protect the rights of individual liberty ( freedom of speech) and rights of persons accused of crimes ( trial by jury) |
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What does the 10th amendment do? How? |
Protects the rights of states and individuals by saying that powers not specifically given to the federal government are reserved to the states or to the people |
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Hat is the national debt? |
The amount the nations government owed |
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What was Hamilton's plan to improve the governments financial reputation and strengthen the nation at the same time? When was it proposed? |
Hamilton proposed that the new government pay off the millions of dollars in debts owed by the confederation government to other countries and to individual American citizens
1790 |
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What did the government do when it borrowed money during the revolution |
Issued bonds |
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What are bonds? Who were many of the original bond owners? |
What |
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Those who purchased bonds resold them for less than their value, who did they sell them too? What happened as a result? |
Speculators
Speculators bought the bonds on sale but they were reimbursed by the full price |
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What are speculators |
People who risk money in order to make a larger profit |
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Who opposed Hamilton's plan? Why? |
Original bond owners They felt betrayed because they had lost money on their bonds since they sold them for less to speculators
Southern states Accumulated less debt and complained that they would have to pay more than their share under this plan |
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What did Hamilton do to win support for his plan? |
Compromised by agreeing to locate the new nations Capitol in the south |
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What two states would the new capital be between? |
Maryland and Virginia |
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Who was Benjamin Banneker and what did he do? |
Free African American hired to survey the land for the new national capital
He redrew all of Pierre L Enfants maps from memory after he took them when he was fired |
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What other proposals did Hamilton make? |
The creation of a national bank A tariff The creation of national taxes |
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What did Hamilton ask congress to create? Who opposed and why? |
A national bank
James Madison and Thomas Jefferson Believed that Bank was unconstitutional and would benefit the wealthy |
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What does unconstitutional mean? What was Hamilton's argument to his bank being called unconstitutional? |
Something that is inconsistent with the constitution
Hamilton argued that though the constitution did not specifically say that congress could create a bank, congress still had power to do so |
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What did Hamilton impose? Why? |
A tariff To encourage people to buy American products and to protect American industry from foreign competition |
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What is a tariff? Who opposed Hamilton's tariff |
A tax on imports The south because they had little industry to protect |
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Why did Hamilton request for national taxes? Who opposed and why? |
Government needed additional funds to operate and to make interests payments on the national debt
Jefferson and Madison and others because they feared a national government with strong economic powers dominated by the wealthy class |
