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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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National Bank
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Alexander Hamilton started a national bank to issue money and regulate trade, as the govt was told to do in the Constitution
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John Jay
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The first leader of the Supreme Court after it was created by the Judiciary Act
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Alexander Hamilton
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The first Secretary of Treasury
Founder of Federalist Party Hamilton died after a duel with Aaron Burr |
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Thomas Jefferson
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3rd President of the United States, founder of the Republican-Democratic party. Believed in freedom of religion and small government.
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Impressments
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When the British in the late 1700s stopped American merchant ships and forced the sailors into the British Navy.
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Thomas Pinckney
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In the late 1700s Spain wanted to have a good relationship with the US so that the US wouldn't take Spanish territory in North America. The US sent Thomas Pinckney to Spain to create a treaty between the 2 countries so they wouldn't go to war.
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Implied Powers
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Powers that the US govt had over the citizens that were suggested but not directly stated in the Constitution. The Federalist Party (Alexander Hamilton's party) said the govt had wide "implied powers." The Democratic-Republicans (Thomas Jefferson's and James Madison's party) wanted to limit the govt's "implied powers."
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Sedition
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Activities aimed at weakening established government. The Sedition Act of 1798 made it a crime to speak, write or publish outrageous criticisms of the government. This act was passed because the Federalist-controlled Congress wanted to strengthen the Federal govt and silence Republican opposition.
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Nullification
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"Nullification" means states have the right to legally overturn federal laws considered unconstitutional. The idea came about because some states (Virginia and Kentucky) found the Alien and Sedition Acts to be unconstitutional and in 1798 and 1799 passed resolutions saying they would *not* put those acts into action.
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Treaty of Greenville
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The Native Americans insisted that the new nation of the United States had no authority over them. There were many battles between settlers and Native Americans over frontier land. After losing the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, the Native Americans were forced to sign the Treaty of Greenville, which surrendered most of their land in present-day Ohio.
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Federalists
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The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, stood for a strong federal government. Their policies tended to favor banking and business. Their supporters were business or plantation owners.
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Republicans
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The Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson, wanted to limit government. They feared a strong government would endanger people's liberties. Their supporters were the little people - small farmers and urban workers.
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Whiskey Rebellion
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In 1791 Alexander Hamilton put a special tax on whiskey and other alcohol to help keep the national debt down. Farmers in western Pennsylvania started an armed protest when the tax collectors came. President George Washington sent troops to stop the protest. If citizens wished to change the law, they had to do so through proposing laws or using the courts.
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Lewis and Clark
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After Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory, he sent Lewis and Clark to explore the territory. He wanted them to note the natural resources and good sites for military forts. They traveled from St. Louis to Oregon and kept notes on everything they saw.
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Washington Irving
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Washington Irving was one of the first American authors to turn away from European influences and write about American people and places. Two of his most famous stories are "Rip Van Winkle" and the "Legend of Sleepy Hollow."
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John Marshall
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John Marshall was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court under Thomas Jefferson. John Marshall gave the Supreme Court power in more areas, and also made federal law take precedence over state law.
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Louisiana Territory
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In 1800 the US extended as far west as the Mississippi River. The area from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, also known as the Louisiana Territory, belonged to Spain. Spain allowed US pioneers to sail on the Mississippi and trade in New Orleans. in 1802, the Spanish suddenly changed their policy. The US found out that the Spanish had transferred the Louisiana Territory to France. In order to make sure the US would be able to trade on the Mississippi and in New Orleans, the US bought the Louisiana Territory.
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Barbary Pirates
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sailors from Tripoli in North Africa who demanded that European boats pay tribute to cross the Mediterranean safely.
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Embargo Act
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In the early 1800s the US was angry at Britain for attacking US ships. The US believed that the British depended on its agricultural trade. To punish the British, the US passed the Embargo Act, saying that the US would not trade with any foreign country. The Embargo of 1807 was a failure. It wiped out US trade with other countries, and didn't hurt the British, who simply traded with Latin America for agricultural goods.
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War Hawks
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As US relations with Britain got worse in the early 1800s, a group of young Republicans who were elected to Congress in 1810 screamed loudly that the US should declare war against Britain. This group, called the "War Hawks," were mostly from the South and West.
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Andrew Jackson
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During the War of 1812, Andrew Jackson won the Battle of Horseshoe Bend against the Creek Indians of Alabama. As a result, the Creeks were forced to give up most of their lands to the US.
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The Constitution
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A navy boat that sunk two British ships during the War of 1812. A sailor nicknamed it "Old Ironsides" after he watched a shell bounce off its hull.
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John Quincy Adams
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After the War of 1812, President James Monroe and his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams (who became the next President after Monroe), worked to repair the relationship between Britain and the US. They signed a treaty to limit the number of naval vessels on the Great Lakes.
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Miguel Hidalgo
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In 1810 a priest, Miguel Hidalgo, led a rebellion against the Spanish government of Mexico. The Spanish defeated his forces and executed him, but his rebellion led to the eventual independence of Mexico from Spain in 1821.
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Bill of Rights
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Many Americans distrusted strong federal governments, since they had just overthrown one. They insisted on an addition to the Constitution to protect personal liberties such as freedom of speech, press and religion.
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