Social Studies Ch 4 Sec 1

Front 1

what are 3 reasons why the population in the colonies continued to grow

Back 1

immigration
colonial women married early and had large families
america especially new england was a healthy place to live

Front 2

farming in new england was the main economic activity but the farms were smaller. why?

Back 2

long winters and thin rocky soil made large scale farming difficult

Front 3

farmers in new england practiced subsistence farming. what it that?

Back 3

subsistence farming is when farmers produce just enough to meet the needs of their families with little left over to sell and exchange

Front 4

what were the two important industries in new england?

Back 4

shipbuilding
fishing

Front 5

what did new england have?
who did large new england towns attract?

Back 5

small businesses

craftspeople (blacksmiths, showmeakers, gunsmiths, printers, furniture makers)

Front 6

how was the center of the shipping trade in america linked to other places?

Back 6

northern colonies linked with the southern colonies and linked america to the other parts of the world

Front 7

where did new england ships sail to trade with colonies and with islands in the west indies

Back 7

south along the Atlantic coast

Front 8

merchant ships followed routes called the triangular trade. what is triangular trade and why is it called that?

Back 8

a trade route that exchanged goods and people between the west indies ,
the american colonies, and west Africa

routes formed a triangle

Front 9

what are all the legs of the trianglualr trade?

Back 9

leg one-- ships brought sugar and molasses from the west indies to the new england colonies

leg two-- rum made from the molassees and other goods were shipped from the new England colonies to west Africa and traded for enslaved Africans

leg three-- enslaved Africans shipped to america in enchange for trade goods and enslaved Africans were taken to the west indies where they were sold to planters.

(profit used to buy molasses and cycle repeats)

Front 10

what was the inhumane part of the triangular trade where enslaved Africans were shipped to the west indies called?

Back 10

the middle passage

Front 11

farmers in the middle colonies cultivated larger areas of what than the new englanders ? why?

Back 11

larger farm land

fertile soil and milder climate than new England's

Front 12

in new York and Pennsylvania farmers grew cash crops. what are cash crops? what is an example of a cash crop?

Back 12

farm crops raised for money that could be sold easily in markets in the colonies and overseas.

wheat

Front 13

what are the two major cities that became busy ports because farmers sent cargoes of wheat and livestock there?

Back 13

New York City
Philadelphia

Front 14

what were the industries of the middle colonies?

Back 14

small businesses (home based crafts like carpentry )

larger businesses (manufacturing lunmbering mining)

Front 15

what did German, along with the dutch Swedish and other non-English immigrants give the middle colonies?
what came as a result of what they gave?

Back 15

a cultural diversity or variety that was not found in New England

with the diversity came tolerance for religious and cultural differences

Front 16

what was the principal cash crop of Maryland and Virginia?
where was it sold?

Back 16

tobacco

Europe

Front 17

planters in MD and VA needed laborers for growing tobacco so who did they use?

Back 17

at first used indentured servants but became scarce and expensive

then used enslaved Africans instead

Front 18

what was the main cash crop in south Carolina and Georgia?
what did it end up being more profitable than?

Back 18

rice

tobacco

Front 19

why did rice growersin SC and GA rely on slave labor?

Back 19

because rice harvesting required so much strenuous work

Front 20

what is tidewater ?

Back 20

a region of flat low lying plains along the seacoast.

Front 21

where were most large southern plantation located?
what were each of these plantations?

Back 21

tidewater

self-contained communities with fields, a chapel and school, seperste kitchrns , main house with servants, slave cabins, outbuildings and stables

Front 22

what was the backcountry?

Back 22

a region of hills and forests near Appalachian mtns

Front 23

what did the back country mostly consist of?
how did its farmers usually work?

Back 23

small farms that grew tobacco and corn

usually worked alone or with their families

Front 24

in the southern colonies
what outnumbered the large plantation owners ?

Back 24

independent small farmers of the back country

Front 25

what did the larger plantation owners control
why did they have contorl even though they were outnumbered?

Back 25

the economic and political life of religion

had greater wealth and more influence

Front 26

who was hired by plantstion owners to be in charge of the fields?

Back 26

overseers

Front 27

what are overseers

Back 27

bosses that kept the slaves working hard

Front 28

many colonies had slave codes. what are slave codes

Back 28

strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of enslaved Africans

Front 29

what usually happened to African families?

Back 29

were often town apart and sold to other salveholders

Front 30

what did slaves develop
and what did it draw on?

Back 30

culture that drew on the languages and customs of their west African homelands

Front 31

what did some enslaved Africans learn?
what could they earn as a result of what they learned?

Back 31

trades(carpentry blacksmithing weaving)

profits from stores they sometimes set up and some could buy their freedom

Front 32

who of the white southerners were not slave holders?

Back 32

majority of white southerners didn't own slaves

Front 33

what played an important role in the economic success of the southern colonies even though most white southerners werent involved?

Back 33

slavery

Front 34

many didn't agree with slavery. who were these group of people?

Back 34

some colonists
many puritans
Quakers
Mennonites

Front 35

Why did slavery grow on the southern plantations?

Why was slave labor neccesary?

Back 35

The size of the property needed slave labor and they were better than indentured servants that soon became scarce and expensive

With the growing demand for tobacco and rice, slave labor was necessary to help meet the demands of the economy