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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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powerful organization linked to political parties that controlled local governments
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Political machine
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contractors padded the amount they billed the city and "kicked back" a percentage of that amount to political bosses
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kickback
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"spoils system", rewarded political supporters with jobs or favors
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patronage
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combinations of companies
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trusts
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journalists who brought problems in society to the public's attention
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muckraker
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allows state voters to choose their party's candidates
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primary (election)
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allows citizens to place an issue on the ballot in a state election
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initiative
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gives voters the opportunity to accept or reject measures that the state legislature enacted
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referendum
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enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from their jobs
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recall
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men or women who fought for woman suffrage, women's right to vote
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suffragists
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the passing of laws to prohibit the making or selling of alcohol
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prohibition
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breaks up trusts; Teddy Roosevelt's nickname
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trustbuster
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settling disputes by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider
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arbitration
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fair and equal treatment for all; Teddy Roosevelt's campaign promise
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square deal
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let people do as they choose; attitude toward big business since Thomas Jefferson's time
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laissez-faire
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protection and preservation of natural resources
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conservation
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literally "recognizing a difference," it has come to mean "unequal treatment"
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discrimination
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established Civil Service Commission to end spoils system
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Pendleton Act (1883)
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first federal law to control trusts and monopolies
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Sherman Anti-trust Act (1890)
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created Interstate Commerce Commission, required railroads to charge "reasonable and Just" rates and publish them
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Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
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passed after The Jungle was published
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Meat Inspection Act (1906)
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required accurate labels
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Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
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regulated banking
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Federal Reserve Act (1913)
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investigated unfair trade practices
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Federal Trade Commission (1914)
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restricted Japanese immigration
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Gentleman's Agreement (1907)
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gave black men the right to vote regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
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Amendment 15
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gave the Federal government the right to collect income tax, and not share it with the states
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Amendment 16
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Senators to be elected by popular vote, two from each State, for 6 year term
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Amendment 17
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Prohibition: do not make, sell, buy, transport, import, or export "intoxicating liquors"
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Amendment 18
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gave women the right to vote
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Amendment 19
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suffragist, educator, newspaper editor; led National American Woman Suffrage Association
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Carrie Chapman Catt
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Quaker, militant suffragist; founded National Women's Party; fought for economic and legal equality for women as well as suffrage
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Alice Paul
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President, 1913-1921; progressive reformer; initially did not support woman suffrage
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Woodrow Wilson
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turned Woman's Christian Temperance Union into a powerfor organization
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Frances Willard
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temperance crusader
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Carry Nation
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suffragist; first woman to serve in Congress
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Jeanette Rankin
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President, 1897-1901; favored big business
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William McKinley
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President, 1901-09; wanted to prove federal government had authority over big business
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Theodore Roosevelt
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President, 1909-1913; not as popular as Roosevelt, but carried out his reform policies
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William Howard Taft
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founded Tuskegee Institute, National Negro Business League, encouraged African Americans to work slowly, patiently, peacefully, for quality
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Booker T. Washington
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outspoken supporter of back-to-Africa movement
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Marcus Garvey
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journalist; urged African Americans to speak out for their civil rights
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Ida B. Wells
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educator; urged African Americans fight for their civil rights
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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chemist; helped improve economy of the south
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George Washington Carver
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first American woman to serve as bank president
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Maggie Lena
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one of the founders of the Society of American Indians
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Dr. Carlos Montezuma
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newspaper reporter, wrote How the Other Half Lives, describing urban life
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Jacob Riis
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political cartoonist who criticized Boss Tweed
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Thomas Nast
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President, 1877-81; wanted to end spoils system by reforming civil service
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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President, 1881; wanted to reform civil service but was assassinated
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James Garfield
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President, 1881-85; tried to end spoils system
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Chester A. Arthur
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President 1885-89, 1893-97; supported lower tariffs
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Grover Cleveland
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helped found American Socialist Party, 1898
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Eugene V. Debs
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one of the most effective muckrakers
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Lincoln Steffens
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muckraker; revealed the unfair practices of the oil trust
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Ida Tarbell
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wrote The Jungle, describing horrible conditions in Chicago's meatpacking plants
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Upton Sinclair
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Wisconsin's governor and senator; reform state's electoral system by introducing primaries
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Robert La Follette
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national reform leader; educated the poor about health care
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Lillian D. Wald
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suffragist; established Hull House, a settlement house, in Chicago
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Jane Addams
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Italian nun who came to the United States to work with the poor
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Mother Cabrini
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suffragist, civil rights worker, co-founded NAACP
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Mary Church Terrell
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suffragist, co-founder of National Woman Suffrage Association
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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suffragist, co-founder of National Woman Suffrage Association
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Susan B. Anthony
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suffragist, minister, doctor; led National American Woman Suffrage Association
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Anna Howard Shaw
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