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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did New Mexico include? Where was it? |
New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, parts of Colorado and Wyoming
Sandwiched between the texas and California territories |
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What did the Spanish try to keep the Americans From? Why? |
From Santa Fe Feared that Americans would want to take over the area |
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Who as the first American trader to reach Santa Fe? What did he do in Santa Fe? |
William becknell in 1821
Sold goods at high prices |
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What did becknells route come to be known as? Where was it |
The Santa Fe trail
Left Missouri r, crossed prairie to Arkansas r, west towards Rocky Mountains and south into New Mexico territory |
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Many people used this trail and it remained in use until when? |
Arrival of railroad in 1880 |
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There was great trade on the Santa Fe trail. As trade increased what also began to increase? |
Number of American settlers in New Mexico |
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Who had been the first Europeans to settle in California ? What did they begin building ? |
Spanish explorers and missionaries
Began building string of missions
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What was the mission system key to ? By 1820, how many missions were there? |
Key part of Spain's plan to colonize California
21 |
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When did California became a state in the new Mexican territory |
After Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821 ( inherits it from Spain) |
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What did the law that the Mexican government passed do? |
Abolished missions |
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Who did the Mexican government sell some of the mission lands to? |
Sold to Mexicans settlers who created ranchos And some given go native Americans |
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Mexican settlers bought this land and built ranchos What are ranchos? Who did Mexicans convince to work their lands and tend their cattle ? What did they get in return? |
Huge properties
Native Americans In return for food and shelter ( almost like slaves On plantations) |
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When do families begin to arrive and settle in California? What does this increase? |
In the 1840s
Increased American settlers in California |
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Talk of adding California to the union surfaced. Why ? |
Shippers and manufacturers hoped to increase shipping and trade with China and Japan by building ports on the pacific coast
Saw advantage of extending US to pacific so that it would be safely bordered by the sea instead of a foreign power |
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President James k poll was determined to get California and New Mexico territories from Mexico. How many times did he offer to buy them? How many times did they say no? What was his main reason? |
Twice Twice
To fulfill the nations manifest destiny by having s clear passage to the Pacific Ocean ( saw them as of rightfully belonging to US) |
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How did polk plan to add New Mexico and California into the union when Mexico refused to sell? WhY? |
By provoking Mexico into taking military action.
Then he could justify going to war with Mexico to congress and Americans |
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Why were there tensions between Mexico and U.S. |
Mexico didn't recognize Texas as being annexed into the U.S. (Didn't recognize independence and charged the annexation illegal)
There was disputes between Texas-Mexico border |
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Where did the U.S. Insist the Texas-Mexico border was? Where did Mexico insist it was? |
U.S.: rio grande formed border
Mexico: border lay along Nueces River |
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Who did Polk send to Mexico to propose a deal? Why? |
An agent name John Slidell
Mexico stopped payments to American citizens for losses during Mexico's ear for independence because of dispute |
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How much was Slidell allowed to offer for New Mexico and California? In return of what?
Did Mexico accept? |
Authorized to offer $30 million For Cali and NM in return for Mexico's acceptance of the rio grande as the Texas boundary U.S. Would also take over payment of Mexico's debts
Refused |
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In response to Mexico's refusal, what did James k Polk do? What did This lead Mexicans to do? |
Polk ordered Gen Zachary Taylor to march his soldiers across disputed borderland between the Nueces River and rio grande
Mexican soldiers attacked part of Taylor's troops ( made them be hostile)
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What were the actions of the Mexicans who attacked a small force of Taylor's soldiers first grounds for? Did congress agree? |
Grounds for war with Mexico
Congress passed deceleration of war against Mexico |
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When did congress declare war against Mexico |
May 11, 1846 |
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The Americans were divided over the war with Mexico. Who generally supported it? Who opposed it? |
Polks party, the democrats ( generally supported)
Many Whigs and northerners (Opposed)
Abraham Lincoln ( opposed)
Fredrick Douglas ( opposed) |
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Why did Whigs and northerners oppose the war? |
Whigs: Called polks actions aggressive and unjust
Northerners: accused democrats of waging war to spread slavery |
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Why did Lincoln and Fredrick Douglas oppose the war |
Lincoln: no grounds for blaming war on Mexico
Douglas: slavery would carry to new territories |
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What was polks three part plan for the war with Mexico? |
Remove Mexican troops from diluted territory
Seize New Mexico and California
American forces were to take Mexico City |
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When was the first part of polks plan completed and by who How? |
Zachary Taylor and army Completed in February 1847 Defeated m at matamoros Monterey Burma vista |
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Who was the second part of polks plan carried out by |
Stephen watts Kearney and troops
John Sloat and his navy squadron |
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Describe what Stephen watts Kearney did |
Led calvary 1,500 strong Along Santa Fe trail
Captured new Mexico's capital, Santa Fe, on August 18, 1847 Without firing a shot |
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Describe what John sloat did |
With his naval squadron, he captured ports of Monterey and San Francisco. Then declared California annexed to US Also captured San Diego, crushing rebellion California was fully controlled by U.S. By Jan 1847 |
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Who was the third and final part of polks war plan carried out by and when did they succeed ? When did the surrender? |
Winfield Scott Fought way to Mexico City and captured it by mid sept 1847
Mexican government surrendered after Mexico City was captured |
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What were the U.S. Losses? Mexico's losses? |
Lost over 1,700 men to battle More than 11,000 to disease $100 million
Lost Half its territory |
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When was the peace Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed? |
Feb 1848 |
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What did Mexico give up in the treaty and agree to? |
Gave up all claims to Texas and Agreed to rio grande as Texas-Mexico border Mexican cession |
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What was the Mexican cession? |
Mexico ceded or gave its provinces of Cali and NM to US in return US have Mexico $ 15 million whatv |
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How much did the U.S. Pay Mexico for the Gadsden purchase in 1853? |
$10 million |
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What was the Gadsden purchase? What happened to the U.S. With this purchase |
A strip of land along southern edge of of the present day states of Arizona and New Mexico
U.S. mainland reached its present size |
