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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida lived the Five Civilized Tribes. Who were these tribes and why were they called this? |
Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw
Tribes had established farming societies with successful economies |
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Why did settlers want the federal government to relocate the Native Americans ? |
Area west of Mississippi River was dry and seems unsuitable for farming
The land that native Americans were on was farmable |
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What does relocate mean? |
To force a person or group of people to move |
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What did Americans propose to move the native Americans? How does Andrew Jackson react? |
Propose to force native Americans to leave their land and move west of the Mississippi
Jackson supported settlers |
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Congress responded by passing the Indian Removal Act. What did it do and when was it passed? |
Passed in 1830
Allowed federal government to pay natives to move west |
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What was created in 1834? |
The Indian territory |
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What was the Indian territory |
An area in present day Oklahoma for native Americans to be relocated |
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Jackson sent official to negotiate with the native Americans. How did they feel? |
Most Felt compelled to accept payment for their lands |
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The Cherokee nation refused to give up land. What was their argument? |
Argued that in treaties of the 1790s, the federal government had recognized the Cherokee people in the state of Georgia as a separate nation with their own laws
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Georgia refused to recognize Cherokee laws. What did the Cherokee do in response? |
The Cherokee sued the state government and eventually took their case to the Supreme Court ( Worcester v Georgia)in 1832 |
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What was Chief Justice john Marshalls ruling on the Worcester v Georgia(1832)case? |
Ruled that Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee Only the federal government had authority |
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What was Jackson's reaction to this ruling |
He supported Georgia's efforts to remove the Cherokee so he vowed to ignore the Supreme courts ruling |
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What did the federal government end up convincing A FEW of the Cherokee to do in 1835? What did MOST of the Cherokee do? |
Persuaded few Cherokee to sign a treaty giving up their peoples land
Most of the 17,000 Cherokee refused to honor the treaty and wrote a protest letter to the government and people of the US |
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What happened in 1838? |
General Winfield Scott and an army of 7,000 federal troops came to remove the Cherokee from their homes to the west |
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What did General Winfield Scott threaten towards the Cherokee? How do the Cherokee respond? |
Threatened to use force if the Cherokee did not leave (show resistance)
Cherokee leaders gave in and journey to west began
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Brutal weather along the way to the west claimed many Cherokee lives. What is this journey known as? |
Trail of tears |
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What is the trail of tears |
The Native Americans forced journey west (unwillingly) (Cherokee people know as trail where they cried) |
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What did the Sauk chieftain do in 1832? Why? What was his name? |
Led a force of Sauk and Fox people back to Illinois, their homeland because it had been given up in a treaty |
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How did the Illinois state militia and federal troops respond? |
Responded with force, gathering 4,500 soldiers and chased the Fox Sauk to the Mississippi River where most of them slaughtered |
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Who were the only Native Americans who successfully resisted their removal ? What were they pressured into doing and how did they refuse? |
The Seminole people of Florida
Although they were pressured to sign treaties giving up their lands, the Seminole chief OSCEOLA and some of his people refused to leave |
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Instead of relocating, what the Seminole decide to do instead? Who did they join forces with? |
Decided to go to war against US
In 1835 the Seminole joined forces with a group of African Americans who had escaped slavery |
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The Seminole along with escaped Africans attacked white settlements along the Florida coast. How did they attack? |
Used guerrilla tactics, making surprise attacks and then retreating back into the forests and swamps
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Describe Dade massacre of 1835 |
In December 1835, Seminole ambushed soldiers under the command of Major Francis Dade Only a few of the 110 soldiers survived the attack |
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What did the federal government do by 1842 because of the numerous death during the Seminole wars ? Why did the government do this? |
Gave up and allowed some of Seminole to remain in Florida
Because by 1842 more than 1500 American soldiers died in the Seminole wars |
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The 5 civilized tribes were relocated to the eastern half of Present day Oklahoma. Who did they share the land with? |
Settled on lands claimed by several plains groups but agreed to US they would live in peace ( Comanche, Osage, Kiowa)
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What did the five civilized tribes do when they settled? |
Built schools Developed their governments Improved their farms Developed lighthouse mm saf |
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What were the lighthorsemen |
A police force that maintained safety |
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How much were native Americans paid for their lands
How much land were they relocated to? |
100 million acres for 68 million dollars
32 million acres west of Mississippi |
