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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what were the crusades that began in 1095?
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the first nine expeditions European Christians led to regain their holy sites
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what brought europeans into contact with the Middle East and eventually led them to trade?
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the crusades
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what did arab merchants from the middle east sell Europeans
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spices
milk sugar and other goods from China and India |
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what did Marco polo do after he returned from China
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wrote travels in 1296
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what was Travels?
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accounts of Marco Polos trip to Asia
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who did Marco polos book inspire?
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Christopher Columbus
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why could Arab merchants make a fortune selling good to Europeans ?
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the European demand for Asian goods was high and the Arab merchants were the only ones selling such goods so they could make the goods any price they wanted
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how did merchants get as a in goods?
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bought goods from Arab traders
merchants sent goods overland by caravan caravan brings goods to Mediterranean sea good are shipped over to Italian ports |
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why did Europeans look for a different to the east ?
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Arab merchants charged high prices for Asian goods so the Europeans looked for a route that bypassed the Arab merchants
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what does classical mean ?
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ancient Greek and roman
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why did Italians start studying classical works
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to improve their knowledge of people and of the world
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what are some examples of how Italians tried to improve their knowledge?
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had an experimental approach to science (tested new and old theories and evaluated results)
wrote about the individual and the universe studies classical works |
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what was the renaissance ?
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the period of intellectual and artistic creativity
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renaissance is a French word meaning what?
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rebirth
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what does the French word renaissance meaning rebirth refer to?
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the renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman learning
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how did the spirit of renaissance change the Europeans?
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it changed the way they though about themselves and the world
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what did the renaissance lead to
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an age of exploration and discovery
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large nation states developed in aetern Europe causing strong monarchs to come to power where?
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Spain
Portugal England France |
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what did strong monarchs in Spain, Portugal, England, and France develop
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courts
armies national laws taxes |
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what did the development of large nations states help do?
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Expand trade
Expand interest in overseas exploration |
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when large nations states helped expand trade what did they increase?
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country's wealth
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when large nations states helped expand interest in overseas exploration what did they increase?
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country's strength
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what is technology
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the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
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how were maps improved?
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Land and sea maps became more
accurate because of more information from Arab geographers Included direction of ocean currents Included lines of latitude |
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what navigation tools were created because of technology's impact
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Magnetic compass
Astrolabe |
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what is an astrolabe ?
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an instrument that measures the position of the stars
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how were ships improved ?
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Advancements allowed ships to be built for long ocean voyages
Arabs included stern rudder and triangular sail Portuguese developed 3 masted caravel |
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what is a caravel?
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a ship that sailed faster than earlier ships, carried more cargo and food supplies, and could flow in shallow water
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when did the Europeans use the 3 masted caravel?
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on their first visit to the west coast of Africa
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what African kingdom was a vast trading empire from 400-1100 in west Africa
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Ghana
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How did Ghana prosper
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from taxes imposed on trade
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how did many africans from Ghana become Muslims ?
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when they traded gold, ivory, slaves, brass, cloth and salt with Arab traders
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who from North Africa attacked Ghana in 1076 and disrupted its trade routes
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the almoravids
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how did Ghana empire decline?
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When the almoravids attacked Ghana they disrupted their trade routes. While they were fighting new trade routes that bypassed ghana opened up
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who became a powerful kingdom as Ghana declined?
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Mali
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what did the Mali develop
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trade routes across the desert to North Africa
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who was Mali's greatest king who ruled from 1312-1337
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mansa musa
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what did mansa musa do in 1324 AD
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made a pilgrimage to the muslim holy city Mecca
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what did mansa musa do when he returned from mecca?
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built mosque in the capital of timuktu
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what is a pilgrimage
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a journey to a holy place
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what is a mosque
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muslim houses of worship
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what empire that lived along the Niger river rose up against Mali rule?
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the Songhai empire
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what did the Songhai empire do in 1468
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captured Timbucktu
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why did the Songhai empire build a navy
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to control the Niger River
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who brought the Songhai empire to the height of its power?
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askiya Muhammed
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what did askiya do for his country
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strengthened it and made it the largest in west African history
built many schools encouraged trade with Europe and Asia |
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what did Askiya Muhammed introduce
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laws based on the teaching of the holy book of islam the Quran
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who did askiya Muhammed appoint ?
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Muslim judges to uphold Islamic laws
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what did askiya Muhammed make the same for everyone in Songhai ?
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same measures and weights
followed same leagl system |
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who attacked the songhai empire's gold trading centers with gund and cannons and defeated them in the 1500s?
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Moroccans
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