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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Family |
A group of individuals living under the same roof that are intimately related. |
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Kinship |
Blood relationship |
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Conjugal family |
Individuals are related by marriage or relationship |
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Consanguine |
Related by blood |
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Patriarchal |
Family which is led by a male |
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Matriarchal |
Family led by a female |
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Family structures |
Nuclear family: this contains a father and a mother who live together with their children. Extended family: this contains members that extend beyond mother father and their children. Sibling family: this occurs when the older brother or sister takes care of the younger siblings. Single parent family: one parent caring for and living with the child. |
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Roles in the family |
Parents: these include doing chores around the house and raising children Grandparents: this is cool personal morals and assisting with raising children Children: assisting with chores and contributed towards expenses if employed. |
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Changing roles in the family |
Women and men Factors are: status of women, choice of employment and educational opportunities. Family Factors are: greater level of equality between men and women, role conflict and identity crisis. |
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Types of unions |
Legal marriage: a lawfully recognised Union between a man and a woman. Monogamy: a person has one wife or husband at a time . Polygamy: a person having more than one wife or husband at the same time . Polygyny: a man having more than one wife Polyandry: a woman having more than one husband Bigamy: a person may only marry one person at a time and someone marries a person while a previous marriage still exists. |
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Functions of family |
These include a unit for procreation, a unit for the socialisation of individuals and an economic unit for a satisfying basic needs. |
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Generation gap |
This occurs when different generations have different ideas about how things should be done. This causes conflict between parents and children who have different ideas and values and children often seen their parents' ideas are old-fashioned |
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Social Issues |
Issues which are faced by Society. Teenage pregnancy: pregnancy during a girls teenage years Substance abuse: the use or misuse of substances whether legal or illegal Povery: not having enough money to take care of basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. |
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Institutions |
5 main types of institutions: economical, educational, recreational, religious, and political. |
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Economical function |
Economical institutions help members of society to manage and maximise their finances. Examples of these are banks and credit unions. |
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Educational function |
All educational institutions provide both formal and informal education and. Formal education is structured and planned and informal education occurs anywhere I can be delivered by anyone. Education institutions should provide academic knowledge and information and trains students for the job market. |
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Recreational functions |
Recreational functions of institutions are important in providing members of community with an opportunity to socialise and relax. |
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Religious function |
Religious institutions usually provide members of a sense of identity and belonging, and provide Direction and focus. |
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Political function |
Political institutions include political parties and governments. |
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Types of leaders |
Democratic: there is a two-way flow of information from the leader to its members and from members to the leader. Autocratic: there is a one-way flow of information from the leaders to the members. Laissez- faire: little attention is paid to the goals of the group and the leader involvement is minimum. |
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Elements affecting group dynamics |
Compromise: group members come together and discuss the things in the group and leaders have the responsibility of mediating and making sure that no one person is a lot of dominating the group. Conflict: this occurs in most human interactions. Competition: Group members often compete for power or privilege in groups. Cooperation: group members must work together with others in order to achieve goals. |
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Electoral process |
This is the method by which candidates are parties are elected to Parliament. |
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The electoral process |
• general elections are usually held at least once every 5 years • elections are supervised by a government department • the department is responsible for ensuring that is actions are fear and free. |
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Qualifications for voting |
• must be a citizen of the country • must be a commonwealth citizen • must be 18 years of age or older • has resided in a constituency for a period of at least three months before the qualifying date |
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Party systems |
The types of party systems in Caribbean are one party system, two party system, multi party system or predominant party system. |
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One party system |
All other parties are completely outlawed or permitted to exist only in the condition that they do not challenge the dominance of the party in power. |
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Two party system |
Two party systems are in a position to compete for an absolute majority of seats. At least one of the two parties actually succeeds in winning a sufficient majority. This party is willing to govern alone. |
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Multi party system |
Three or more parties contain the equally in most or all elections |
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Predominant party system |
One dominant party exist but all parties are permitted to is it. However there are rarely elected by voters. |
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Electoral Systems |
The Two types are first- past- the- post (FPP) and Proprtional representation (PR). |
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FPP |
•The candidate winning the most votes in a constituency, wind the constituency election and become a the representative for that constituency in parliament. The party gains a seat in parliament for every constituency its candidate wins. • the political party which wins the overall majority of the constituencies or seats wins the general election and therefore forms the government. •The party which was the second highest number of seats is called the parliamentary opposition. |
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Advantages of FPP |
Two advantages are it is quick and simple, and it promote stability. |
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Disadvantages of FPP |
Two disadvantages are constituencies which voted for the opposition may be neglected by the government, and it encourages gerrymandering. |
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PR |
• each political party put up a national list of candidates based on the number of seats available in Parliament. • the list is made public and the electorate vote for a party and not a candidate • seats in Parliament are then allocated to the party based on the percentage of votes it gains • candidates are then chosen to sit in the Parliament in the order which they appear on the national list |
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Advantages of PR |
Two advantages of a provides representation of minority political parties and eliminates gerrymandering. |
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Disadvantage of PR |
Two disadvantages are it may cause division in society between racial or other groups, and it weakens the relationship between the people and the parliamentarians. |
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Ways political parties prepare of elections |
Fund-raising: in order to run a campaign, candidates need funds. campaign, candidates need funds. Identify important issues: political parties have to convince the people that their policies will be in the best interest of the country.
Conduct campaign: the purpose of campaigns in election is the convince eligible voters to vote for a particular party or candidate. |
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Structures of Government |
•Legislature •Executive •Judiciary |
