Social Studies

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gentry

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wealthy planters, merchants, and other successful people in the colonies, top of social class.

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indentured servants

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signed contracts to work without wages for 4-7 years, in exchange for passage to america and land at the end of their contract.

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Jonathan Edwards

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He set of the religious movement called the great awakening. (in the colonies)

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Apprentice

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Young boys in the colonies hos parents wanted them to learn a trade or craft, and so they worked under a master to learn the trade.

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Enlightenment

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It was a movement in the late 1600s and early 1700s that caused many to believe in scientific method and reason.

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George Whitefield

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ministe rwho helped spread the Great Awakening in America.

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Benjamin Franklin

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Was an American thinker and one of the founding fathers, he was an example of the Enlightenment spirit.

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John Peter Zenger

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He was put on trial for libel, and was a pivotal point for freedom of the press.

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libel

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defacing someone's reputation to the public without true facts.

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Mercantilism

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The Economic theory that a nation becomes stronger by strictly controlling it's colonies trade.

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imports

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Trade goods brought into a country

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export

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trade goods sent outside of a colony

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Glorious Revolution

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During it the English Parliament replaced King James with Will and Mary.

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Great Awakening

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Colonists won more rights because of it.

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triangular trade

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was a trade route involving Europe, America, and Africa.

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legislature

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The law making body of the government.

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Navigation Acts

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Laws that strictly regulated the trade of England's colonies.

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Mason Dixon Line

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Formed the boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland.

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Sir George Calvert

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Planned to build the colony of Maryland, where Catholics could practice their religion freely.

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Lord Baltimore

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Realized the plan to build the colony of Maryland because Calvert died before he could build it.

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Chesapeake Bay

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the Bay that England's first colony was settled on

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Act of toleration

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A law passed in Maryland that gave religious freedom to all christians

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Nathaniel Bacon

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The leader of Bacons Rebellion

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Indigo

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A cash crop used to make valuable blue dye.

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James Oglethorpe

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Founded the colony of Georgia, it was to be a new start for people who were buried in debt.

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Debtors

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people who owed alot of money, and lost everything.

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Tidewater Plantations

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were very large farms in the south, located close to the shore line, these created alot of cash crops that were labor intensive, (required slavery).

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Middle Passage

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It was the passage that slaves were carried from Africa over the Atlantic to America by.

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Slave Codes

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Laws passed that denied slaves their basic rights.

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Racism

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the belief that one race is superior to another.

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Great Wagon Road

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A old trail used by the indians that had been used by the settlers to get into the rockies.

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Holy Experiment

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It was a phrase used by William Penn to describe his colony of Pennsylvania.

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Patroon

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Owners of huge Dutch estates that were given to them by the dutch government.

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Philadelphia

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Capital of Delaware, it means brotherly love in greek

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Peter Stuyvesant

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The Dutch leader of New Netherlands, he was not liked by the Dutch and so when the English attack them no one helps and he surrenders.

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Pennsylvania Dutch

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The name given to the german immigrants when the colonists couldn't pronounce deutsch correctly.

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Quakers

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One of the most despised religious groups in England, pennsylvania was founded on quaker beliefs, (all are equal).

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Proprietary Colony

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a colony given by the king to a single individual.

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Royal Colony

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A colony under the direct control of the king.

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Puritans

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they led the migration of massachusetts Bay in the 1630s, they were a religious group.

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Charles I

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Became king of England in 1625. He didn't like Puritans, and had some jailed.

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John Winthrop

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Became the first governor of Massachusetts bay colony.

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General Court

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An assembly set up by puritans in Massachusetts Bay

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Great Migration

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15,000 people moved to America during 1629, and 1640.

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Thomas Hooker

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settled Hartford

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Roger Williams

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began Rhode Island

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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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Created a government of Connecticut

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King Phillip

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Chief of the Wampanoags who waged war against the settlers.

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Sabbath

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The holy day of the Puritans