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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where can you find the original landscape of the prairie grasslands? |
Provincial/National parks |
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In the letter to Sir John A. MacDonald about his first impressions, what does Edgar Dewdney find awe-inspiring about the prairie? |
it's vast, empty, large |
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In the excerpt from the diary of Henri Julien, what does he find "less positive" about the landscape? |
mosquitoes, black flies
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How many bison were living on the prairie in the 17th century?
How many other animals? |
60-70 million
50 million
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What were things that could temporarily alter the balance of the prairie ecosystem? |
Drought, fires, overgrazing |
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Why didn't the Native people alter the balance of the prairie ecosystem? (2 things) |
They only took what they needed and kept a steady population level |
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What was the reason for the slaughter of the bison in the late 19th Century? |
Need land cleared for farming |
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What effect did slaughtering the bisons have on the Indians and the Metis? |
It forced them to move because they were starving |
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How did the building of the transcontinental railways in NA aid the slaughter of the bison? |
Brought in more hunters |
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What replaced the bison herds? |
Cattle ranching |
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Why isn't overgrazing a problem today? |
We have feedlots (enclosed space for animals) |
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What is the problem with overgrazing? |
There is a high concentration of animals in small spaces; causes soil/h2o pollution |
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What two strains of wheat were developed for the prairies?
Why? (2 reasons) |
Marquis, Red Fife
matures early, superior baking qualities |
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What caused soil erosion in the 1930s?
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overcultivation/drought |
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What was done to stop the erosion in the 1930s? Give two examples |
Soil conservation methods
contour ploughing and windbreaks |
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What is monoculture? |
Reliance on a single crop |
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What is the problem with monoculture? (two examples) |
Reduces biodiversity Too many chemicals used to raise them |
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Why do we continue monoculture farming? |
It produces a lot of food |
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What current problem with cattle was not mentioned in the reading? (2 examples) |
hoof and mouth disease mad cow disease |
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Name the five organizing principles of geography |
Places... - have a location - have physical + cultural characteristics - change - interact w/ other places - r in reigions |
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What did the Canadian shield used to be |
a volcanic mountain |
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What two kinds of rock is the Shield made up of |
igneous and metamorphic |
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What are the four minerals found in the Shield called? |
Copper, gild, lead, nickel |
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What is the Shield not suitable for (2 answers) |
farming + large scale settlement |
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What kind or rock is are the Interior Plains made up of |
sedimentary |
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What were the Interior Plains covered with millions of years ago? |
Water
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What kind of area contains fossil fuels and what are the two types? |
Interior Plains (Prairies) oil and natural gas
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What kind of evaporite do the Prairies have? |
Potash
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What are the prairies not suitable for? |
Farming |
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What are the Western Mountains made up of
and what is another name for it? |
Parallel ranges, or a Cordillera
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How were the Western mountains formed |
When a plate collision caused the E's crust to buckle |
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What kind of minerals does the Cordillera contain? (three) |
copper, molybdenum, coal |
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What are the two plates that may cause an earthquake in BC? |
Juan de Fuca (is subducting) under the North American plate |
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What are the other possible effects of a huge earthquake? (Four answers) |
Damage of objects and buildings, No electricity, firestorms, flooding |
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What does a continental climate have? |
extreme temp and low ppt |
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What does a maritime (ocean) climate have? |
mild temp and high ppt
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What does Latitude affect? How? |
temperature
temp becomes higher + warmer closer to equator |
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What does the distance from the sea affect?
How? |
climate
surface o land heats and cools more quickly than the surface of the water |
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What does wind direct affect?
How? |
climate
increasing the moderating effects of the ocean |
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Where does BC's winds prevail from? (2) |
westerlies/northerlies |
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What is precipitation determined by? (2 factors) |
the distance from the sea prevailing winds |
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What are the three kinds of precip we get in western canada? |
orographic, frontal, convectional |
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How is orographic ppt formed? |
westerlies push warm moist pacific air up against mts |
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What is the other side of the mountains where it is warm/dry called? |
rain shadow |
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How is convectional ppt cased by |
convection currents in atmos |
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How is convectional ppt formed |
warm air rises, forms clouds of rain or hail, which falls back to earth |
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When does convectional ppt occur? |
hot months |
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How is frontal ppt caused by? |
when cold front meets warm front |
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What kind of trees is the Boreal Forest made up of? |
Coniferous |
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What kind of soil is formed by coniferous trees and how? |
Podzol
When their needles decompose (it's acidic) |
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Why isn't the Boreal Forest fertile? |
There is not a lot of humus (remains of decomposed p/ani) |
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Name 2 types of animals that live in the Boreal Forest |
deer, moose |
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Where is Parkland? |
The area b/tw dry prairie grasslands and forest regions |
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What kind of vegetation is in Parkland? |
long grasses with trees |
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What plant can you grow in Parkland? |
Wheat |
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What are the Prairies also called |
Grasslands |
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What kind of vegetation is found in the Prairies |
short grasses |
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What colour is the soil in the prairies?
What is the soil also called? |
brown
chernozem |
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What is the ideal plant to grow in the Prairies? |
wheat |
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What kind of animals life in the prairies? |
gophers, prairie dogs |
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What is the interior mountain region made up of (3 things) |
meadows, plateaus, mountains |
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What kind of plants are in the interior mountain region |
dwarf shrubs, lichens, grasses |
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What kind of animals life live in the interior mountain Reigion (2) |
bears, dear |
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Why is the coastal forest different from all of the other rainforests |
most trees are coniferous |
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What are some examples of the trees in the Coastal Forest |
Douglas Fir, Red cedar, Hemlock |
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What are environments used and altered by humans called |
Cultural enviro/landscape |
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When does the boom and bust cycle occur |
When resources are discovered, people move in and form a new town, and when resource is all used up people leave |
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How long is the lifespan of a town on a single resource? |
25 years approx. |
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What is an example of a boom/bust town |
Lac de Gras |
