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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DIFFERENTIAL SOCIALIZATION |
Lifelong process based on social interaction by which individuals develop those attitudes and behaviors considered appropriate to their gender roles - can help protect women against the "glass ceiling" |
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STRUCTURAL EXPLANATIONS OF GLASS CEILING |
Demographic (tokenism) Power (controlling, cautious) Opportunity (for advancement) Shadow (inability to form alliances to those in power) |
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SECOND SHIFT "DOUBLE JORNADA" |
Women are responsible for housework, child care, elderly care even after a full day of work |
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LEISURE GAP |
Women have less time for consumption and men have more time for hobbies |
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MACHISMO |
Authority and preference for males |
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FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY |
Women and children are majority of people living in poverty and female-headed households with children are most likely to live in poverty. |
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VERTICAL SEGREGATION |
The power authority within an occupation |
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HORIZONTAL SEGREGATION |
Differences in-between types of occupations |
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MALE PRIMACY |
Men are considered more status worthy than women and are inherently better at taking charge. Explains vertical segregation. |
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GENDER ESSENTIALISM |
Women are more competent in verbal skills/nurturing Men are better at physical jobs Explains horizontal segregation |
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DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF HIRING DISCRIMINATION |
Based on gender essentialism and male primacy, when - Demand: employers allocate jobs to men and women Supply: men and women search for jobs within their roles |
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ALLOCATIVE, VALUATIVE, AND WITHIN-JOB DISCRIMINATION |
Allocative - women are allocated to lower paying jobs Valuative - positions typically help by women have lower pay Within-job - higher wage gap in professional jobs |
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TYPES OF HIRING DISCRIMINATION |
Intentional: based on irrelevant characteristics Statistical: cost-benefit analysis (some cost more to employ than others) Nonconscious: unintentional favoritism |
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COMPENSATING DIFFERENTIALS |
Women will take lower paying jobs if they are less dangerous and more mother friendly. |
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DE-CATEGORIZATION VS. RE-CATEGORIZATION |
Removing information that causes in-group hiring from applications OR introducing other categories to make better hiring decisions |
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TIME BIND |
Women have gone to work in order to maintain family income due to decreasing male wages, resulting in a feeling of time pressure |
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INDEX OF DISSIMILARITY |
Complete integration (closer to zero): males and females are equal across the board for any given occupation Complete segregation (closer to 100): males and females are strictly in their careers |
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SURPLUS LOVE |
The view that love and nurturing are commodities that can be exploited |
