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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The structure of social inequality in a society (distribution of wealth, status and power) |
Social stratification |
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One's social status is determined completely by birthright and it is irrevocable |
Caste system |
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The basis for stratification is birthright (a person's family ties are the primary determinant of their social standing |
Clan system |
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There are three main estates: the nobility, the church, and the peasants |
Estate system |
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View that inequality is nearly universal in all societies, and it exists because it has positive functions for society |
Functional view of stratification |
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Argued that poverty persists in our society because it serves several important social functions |
Functions of poverty |
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Argued that the proletariat were exploited by the capitalists |
Karl Marx |
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Argued that changing conditions made it necessary to modify Marx's analysis to include four classes |
Wright |
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Own large businesses employing many workers |
Capitalists |
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Own small businesses, such as someone who owns a car repair shop |
Petty bourgeoisie |
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Sell their own labor but exercise authority over other employees |
Managers |
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Sell their labor, such as someone who works on an assembly line |
Workers |
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Argued that there are three important dimensions to stratifications; class, status, and social power |
Max Weber |
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Argues that there is a general tendency of people in the US to underestimate the amount of inequality in our society |
Social construction of inequality (interactionist) |
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Ways that inequality can be measured |
Income Wealth Occupational prestige Recent trends |
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Consists of the property or economic resources owned by someone and not required for immediate consumptions, such as building, factories, cars, stocks, and bank accounts |
Wealth |
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Household wealth after equity in homes and vehicles has been deducted |
Net financial assets |
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Unprecedented prosperity and economic growth period |
Property escalator |
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Super rich top 1% of the population who own more than the entire bottom 90% |
Capitalists |
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Shaped by education, since its members hold managerial or professional jobs that are made possible only by their professional or graduate education |
Upper-middle class |
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Average income of about 40-50,000 per year, typically have at least a high school education |
Lower-middle |
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Have an average income of $30,000 per year, are the blue collar workers and white collar workers that have routine, closely supervised jobs |
The working class |
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Most have less than a high school education, many are functionally illiterate, and typically hold seasonal or part-time jobs |
The working poor |
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This class includes people who typically have less than a high school education, often unemployed |
Underclass |
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Changing one's social status and thereby changing one's social ranking in the stratification system |
Social mobility |
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Sons are no better off than their fathers in terms of social prestige, wealth, or power |
Horizontal social mobility |
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Occurs when there is a significant increase or decrease in social standing as measured by social status, wealth, or power |
Vertical social mobility |
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The change in social standing of children in relation to their parents |
Intergenerational social mobility |
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Refers to changes in social standing for one person over the course of their lifetime |
Intragenerational mobility |
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Mobility resulting from changes in a society's occupational structure or stratification system rather than from individual achievement |
Structural mobility |
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A greater tendency for occupational status to be attained by achievement rather than inheritance |
Expanding universalism |
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A condition of deprivation in which people have too little money or other resources to obtain all they need for basic survival |
Absolute poverty |
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Deprivation experienced by some people in contrast to others who have more |
Relative poverty |
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A tendency for women adults to be poor much more frequently than male adults |
Feminization of poverty |
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Argues that rich industrialized countries keep poor countries underdeveloped and dependent on them to serve their own needs |
World-System theory |
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Progress could be made in poor countries through diffusion of technological innovations |
Modernization theory |
