Social Psychology - Theory & Methods

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Social Psychology is

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the scientific investigation of how the thoughts, feelings and behaviours of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of others.

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The social cognitive theories attempt to explain behaviour in terms of the way people actively

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interpret and represent their experiences then plan their action.

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What are the 5 research methods used in social psychology?

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1. qualitative studies
2. correlational studies
3. field studies
4. lab experiements
5. field experiments

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Qualitative studies are descriptions of social events

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to develop theories/hypothesis to explain them.

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A correlational study is the measurement of the

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relationships between social behavioural events

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Field studies are the measurement of

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real life events without manipulation variables or intruding

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Lab experiments are the manipulation and control of

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social contexts to assess the causal nature of events.

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Field experiments are the manipulation of variables in

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real life settings to asses validity.

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In correlational studies internal validity is ______ as ________ cannot be established.

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weak;
causality.

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In correlational studies such as surveys and case studies the results can be biased as participants can suffer from

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evaluation apprehension

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In a laboratory experiment one draw back is that social variables are

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not easily measured and manipulated.

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In a laboratory experiment causality ____ be established and replication is ______.

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can;
easier.

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In laboratory experiments external validity may be

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threatened due to lack of ecological validity.

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What are 2 ways that lab experimenters can reduce bias?

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1. minimising demand characteristics such as evaluation apprehension and social desirability
2. using a double blind experiment design.

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In lab experiments internal validity may be threatened due to

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demand characteristics and social desirability.

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To increase ecological validity problems and reduce demand characteristics most social psych experiments use

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deception

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Field experiments are conducted in the _______ _______ and _______ remain unaware of any _______ or direct _______.

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natural environment;
participants;
manipulation;
observation.

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In field experiments social cognitive processors must be

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inferred from overt behaviour.

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Field experiments are higher in ecological validity because they eliminate

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demand characteristics

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What are the 5 levels of analysis in social psychology?

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1. Individual/intrapersonal
2. Interpersonal
3. Group
4. Inter-group
5. Societal

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Analysis at the individual level studies

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a persons thoughts, feelings, intentions and behaviours.

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Analysis at the interpersonal level examines

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the relationships and communication between two people.

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Analysis at the group level studies

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processes operating in defined groups

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Analysis at the intergroup level studies the

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processes between defined groups

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Analysis at the societal level is the psychological analysis of

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social and political processes and social norms.