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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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William James |
Self= Me + Knower |
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Self concept |
Known aspect |
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Self awareness |
Knower aspect |
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4 aspects of the self |
1. Self knowledge 2. Self control 3. Self presentation 4. Self justification |
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Self knowledge |
Where we formulate and organize what we know about ourselves |
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Self control |
How we make plans and decisions |
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Self presentation |
Best foot forward to OTHERS |
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Self justification |
Best foot forward to OURSELVES |
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Self knowledge |
Defining who we are |
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Independent view of defining ourselves |
We have our own thoughts, feelings, and actions |
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Interdependent view |
Define ourselves based on people we have a relationship with |
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Defining knowledge in women generally has a __________ view? |
Relationally |
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Defining knowledge in women generally has a __________ view? |
Collectivist |
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Self perception theory |
When we're not really sure why we do something so we observe |
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Attribution theory |
The situations in which something occurs and we try to understand our feelings |
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Intrinsic motivation |
we engage in something because we enjoy it |
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Extrinsic motivation |
We engage in something because of some external reward- Monetary, status, etc |
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Task contingent reward |
Given for performing a task, regardless of how well the task was performed |
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Performance contingency |
Rewards given for performance |
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Emotions are tied to.... |
Environment |
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Schacter & Singer |
2 factor theory of emotion |
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2 factor theory of emotion |
1. Experience arousal 2. Seek appropriate explanation |
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Misattributuon of arousal |
Bridge experiment |
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Appraisal theory of emotion |
Mood or emotions will be based on how we interpret a situation social |
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Social comparison theory |
We learn ourselves and abilities by comparing ourselves to other people |
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Social tuning |
Tendency to adopt the view of ones around us |
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Sinclair |
Experimented with social tuning |
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Thought suppression depends on.... |
A persons energy, how much sugar we have taken in |
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Self presentation examples |
David Duke JFK Harambe memes 🍆🍆🍆 |
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Ingratiation |
People try to make themselves like able to another person, specifically those of a high authority |
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Self justification is tied to... |
Cognitive dissonance |
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Self justification is tied to... |
Cognitive dissonance |
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Cognitive dissonance |
Discomfort caused by performing an action that is discrepant from ones customary, typically positive, self conception |
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Festinger (1957) |
Wrote The Prophecy Fails Had his students infiltrate an alien cult Apocalypse supposed to happen, didn't. Majority of members went with the group by rationalizing |
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Reducing dissonance |
1. Changing behavior 2. Justifying behavior by changing cognition 3. Justifying behavior by adding cognition |
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Knox and Inkster 1968 |
Betting at the racetrack Asked people about their betting decision before and after the race Betters more confident at the beginning, rationalizing in the end |
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Gilbert and Ebert 2002 |
Photography choices Students told they could keep one Made the decisions harder "Permanence is crucial" |
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Low balling |
Happens in a sale, saleperson gives a low number then high number. |
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Judson Mills |
Cheating study. Reducing dissonance. |
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Justification of effort |
The more dissonance we have to reduce and the more time or effort it took us to do something, the more we will have to justify and rationalize |
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Erinsen and Mills |
Justification of effort study, boring lecture vs enjoyment |
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External justification |
Reasons outside of the individual |
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Hypocrisy Induction |
Dissonance by having individuals make statements that counter their behaviors then reminding them of the inconsistency between what they advocated and their behavior Changes behavior |
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Attitude inoculation |
Exposure to small doses of the argument against your position. Helps build attitude |
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Reactance theory |
If freedom is blocked, we are more likely to want to try it more |
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Asch 1951,1956 |
What happens with conformity in a non ambiguous situation? 76% of people purposely gave the wrong answer to conform "Public compliance without acceptance" |
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Idiosyncrasy credits |
"Points" within a group. Ex. Republican who has voted republican for years |
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Injunctive norm |
What we expect people to do |
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Injunctive norm |
What we expect people to do |
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Descriptive norm |
What people actually do |
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Are injunctive or descriptive norms more reliable in changing behavior? |
Injunctive |
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Reasons we obey |
1. Authority 2. Conforming to wrong norm 3. Self justification 4. "just following orders" |
