Social Psychology Midterm

Front 1

Individual self

Back 1

Beliefs about our own personality traits, abilities, preferences

Front 2

Relational self

Back 2

Beliefs about our self in specific rs

Front 3

Collective self

Back 3

Beliefs about identities as members of social groups to which we belong (uoft identity, ethnic group identity)

Front 4

Diversification

Back 4

Siblings take on different roles in family

Front 5

Reflected self appraisal

Back 5

Beliefs about what others think of our social self

Front 6

Amplification effect

Back 6

When you think about yourself and someone else says that same theory

Front 7

Working self concept

Back 7

Subset of self knowledge that is brought to mind in a particular situation

Front 8

Relational self beliefs

Back 8

Beliefs about our identity in specific rs (who we are as bfgf diff then who we are as sisbro)

Front 9

Collective self belief

Back 9

Beliefs about our identity as members of social categories (ethnicity, gender)

Front 10

Distinctiveness

Back 10

May highlight aspects of ourselves that make as feel unique in a given context

Front 11

Social context

Back 11

Sense of self changes depending on who we are interacting with

Front 12

Independent view of self

Back 12

Self seen as distinct entity separate from others seem in individualistic culture

Front 13

Interdependent view of self

Back 13

Self seen as connected to others, defined by social duties seen in collectivist culture

Front 14

Social comparison theory

Back 14

We evaluate ourselves through comparisons with others

Front 15

Downward social comparison

Back 15

Boost our self esteem

Front 16

Upward social comparison

Back 16

Motivate ourselves to do better

Front 17

Self as a narrative

Back 17

Construct a story about yh self to make sense of who we are. Individualists talk about own perspectives. Collectivist talk about others perspectives.

Front 18

Social self beliefs

Back 18

Beliefs about the roles and duties we assume in different groups

Front 19

Self schema

Back 19

Knowledge about the self

Front 20

Self reference effect

Back 20

Better memory for information related to the self

Front 21

Self complexity

Back 21

Defining ourselves in multiple domains tgat are distinct from another. Ex. If fail a test but good in bball say screw test I'll just be a bball player.

Front 22

Self esteem

Back 22

The positive or negative evaluation that people have of themselves

Front 23

Contingencies of self worth

Back 23

Self esteem contingent with successes and failures in domains a person has based their self worth

Front 24

Sociometer hypotheis

Back 24

Hypo States self esteem is an internal subjective index or marker of the extent to which a person is included or looked on favourably by others

Front 25

Benefits of positive attitude

Back 25

Make more social bonds, persevere for goals, and more of a positive mood and reduced negative mood

Front 26

Self evaluation maintenance model (sem)

Back 26

People are motivated to view themselves in a favourable light they do this in two ways Reflection and social comparison. Reflection: saying you're not good at something but your friend is.
Social comparison : for things important to you you compare yourself to someone not good to claim your skill

Front 27

Better than avg effect

Back 27

Most Westerners tend to rate the self as better than avg on most traits

Front 28

Self regulation

Back 28

The process people use to alter and control behaviour. Including the ability to resist short term awards that thwart the attainment of long term goals

Front 29

Possible selves

Back 29

Hypothetical self person strives to be in the future

Front 30

Self discrepancy theory

Back 30

The idea of having a future self and working towards that person. Reduce discrepancies btw present self and ideal self.

Front 31

Types of self

Back 31

Actual: what we believe ourselves to be
Ideal self: who we wish we would be
Ought self: who we think we should be

Front 32

Promotion focus

Back 32

Focus in positive outcomes and moving toward become g our ideal self

Front 33

Prevention focus

Back 33

Focus on negative outcomes and attempt to avoid not living up to our ought self

Front 34

Ego depletion

Back 34

State where previous act of self control drain ability to control future behaviour

Front 35

Automatic self control strategies

Back 35

A way to avoid temptation and approach goal. Dieters do this when avoiding tempting food.

Front 36

Self presentation

Back 36

Presenting the person that we would like others to believe we are

Front 37

Impression management

Back 37

Attempts to control how others view us. Ex. How you dress, behave. We present our public face.

Front 38

Public face

Back 38

Awareness of what others think of us

Front 39

Private face

Back 39

Awareness of our own feelings thoughts and preferences

Front 40

Self monitoring

Back 40

Scrutinize behaviour in public. High self monitors care what others think, low don't live to their own internal preference

Front 41

Self handicapping

Back 41

Engage I self defeating behaviour in order to prevent people from thinking failures were due to own lack of ability

Front 42

On record communication

Back 42

Direct, honest language. Rude and blunt (in Westerners minds)

Front 43

Off record communication

Back 43

Indirect. Hints at an idea without explicitly stating it. Ex. Flirting and teasing

Front 44

Attribution theory

Back 44

How people explain the causes of events they observe

Front 45

Causal attribution

Back 45

Explanation for the cause of your or another person's behaviour.

Front 46

Internal attribution

Back 46

Behaviour is explained by the aspect of the person

Front 47

External attribution

Back 47

Behaviour explained by the situation

Front 48

Explanatory style

Back 48

A person's normal ways of explaining events.

Front 49

Explanatory dimensions

Back 49

Internal version external. Stable VA not stable. Global vs specific

Front 50

Pessimistic attribution style

Back 50

Internal, stable, global

Front 51

Covariation principle

Back 51

When making behavioural attributions we weight information about the potential causes of the behaviour.

Front 52

Process of causal attribution

Back 52

Consensus, distinctiveness, consistency

Front 53

Discounting principle

Back 53

Less weighy should be given to a particular cause if there are multiple causes

Front 54

Augmentation principle

Back 54

More weight should be given to a cause if the other cause are supposed to give the opposite behaviour

Front 55

Counterfactual thinking

Back 55

Thought of what could have been would have been should have been if only things were different

Front 56

Emotional amplification

Back 56

Emotion reaction to counterfactual thoughts increase depending on how easy it was to think of the alternatives

Front 57

Self serving bias

Back 57

Attributing failures to external causes and success to internal causes

Front 58

Fundamental attribution theory

Back 58

Tendency to believe someone's behaviour was more due to personality then situation

Front 59

Perception salience

Back 59

Attribute things to what appears to be most obvious case. FAT may occur because people more salient then situations

Front 60

Actor observer differences

Back 60

Actor explains behaviour as due to situational attributions. Observer disposed to explain behaviour as due to disposition attributions.

Front 61

Perceptual saliencr

Back 61

As actor the situation is salient. As observer the actor is salient