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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is conformity?
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CHANGE IN BELIEFS TO FIT IN
Conformity is the real or imagine pressure percieved in oneselfs by social influences causing a change in behaviour and beliefs to fit into a group or fulfill social norms . |
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What is the summarized essence of conformity?
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It is yielding to group pressure
Conformity within a group entails members changing their attitudes and beliefs in order to match those of others within the group |
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What are the roles of social norms?
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Social norms is explicit or unspoken rules about how we should or ought to behave.
In order to fit social norms, people change their behaviour so that they wouldn't be excluded from the group or portrayed as 'weird' |
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What are the different types of conformity?
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Normative-Compliance, Informational- Internalisation, |
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Normative Comformity
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-Involves conformity where the person publicly agrees but rejects it personally.
- Does it because he wants to 'fit in' and be included into the group -Scared of being rejected Study-Asch Line Study |
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Compliance
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NO CHANGE IN BELIEFS.
Where one keeps to their own beliefs but alter their behaviour according to be accepted into the group (brainwashing) but not nessecarily effective Person changes attitude or behavior in response to another's direct request. Reciprocity norm - I’ll do this, if you will do this for me. For compliance to occur within groups, one must adapt his/her actions to another's wishes or rules |
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Informational Social Influence
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When we look to others (usually well known to be intellegent) for the accurate information. Normally used in three situations. When people are in a crisis (they need immediate response and are in a panic state), its ambigious (uncertainty of choices) and how valuble the information is (a recognised knowledgable person)
study- Sheriff's Autokinetic Effect |
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What is information social influence again?
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The need to be correct and be in accordance to reality
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What is normative social influence again?
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the need to feel accepted and liked by others
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What are the factors influencing conformity?
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Group size, group strength (rapport), similiary/ attraction to conformee(group cohesiveness), expertise, personality and immediacy
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Identification
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The desire to be like the influencer, mainly because of their attractiveness (celebrity)
We adopt their opinion or behavior because it puts us in a satisfying relationship with the influencee |
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Internalisation
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The desire to be right. It involves a change in our own personal beliefs but must be from a creditable and trustworthy source (expert)
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Obedience
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Is an act of compliance towards a authority(percieved/real) or someone who has power over us.
Usually refers to people's willingness to obey direct requests or commands. People will often obey those who are in authority over them. Obedience is also the act of following orders without question because they come from a legitimate authority. Person obeys a direct order from another to perform an action Milgram's Shock Study Zimbardo's Prison Simulation study |
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Factors influencing Compliance
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Friendship/Liking
Scarcity (hard to get/limited offer) Commitment/ consistency (foot-in-the-door / lowballing -high price then low suddenly) Reciprocity (foot in the mouth- you feel like youre in a relationhip/ door in the face- from a big request to a smaller one) Social validation - social worthy (charity) Appeals to major personalities (youre crazy if you dont): Oprah? |
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Asch on Conformity
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Research on the topic of conformity began in 1951, when Solomon Asch performed a series of renowned studies. In his studies, Asch used groups of seven to nine people who were told they were participating in a study on visual perception. These subjects were asked to match the length of a standard line to three comparison lines. One would think that this would be a relatively easy exercise, but Asch's groups only contained one real subject. The rest of the group was made up of confederates who were instructed to unanimously give incorrect responses in some trials. The results of this experiment found that the control group made errors only five percent of the time. Those exposed to the incorrect responses conformed to these answers 33% of the time, with 75% of these subjects conforming at least once. This shows how easily it is to make a person conform in a group situation
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Milgram on Obedience
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done by Stanley Milgram. The experiment involved two people one a confederate would play the part of a student trying to remember different words that they had heard the other person who was the subject played the role of a teacher and gave him the test. He was told to shock the "student" everytime he missed a word. Milgram thought that most people wouldn't shock another human being and especially not all the way up to deadly levels of electricity. As the "teachers" were told to increase the dosage as they got more answers wrong. He found out that most people would shock their fellow man in this experiment and would be obedient to all the demands made by the instructor since he was the one in a position of authority.
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Factors influencing increase in obedience.
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Status of location ( in Milgrams Obedience Exp, study was done in run-down office in city and Yale University)*
*prestige effect- where people immediatly become confident of the ethnicity and safety of something Personal Responsibility Recognised legitimate authority figure Status of authority figure- uniform/white coat Peer support Authority figure proxmity |
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Non- Conformity
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A need to be an 'individual'
High self esteem A need to be 'in control' |
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Minority Influence
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The term ‘minority influence’ refers to a form of social influence that is attributed to exposure to a consistent minority position in a group. Minority influence is generally felt only after a period of time, and tends to produce private acceptance of the views expressed by the minority.
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Altruism
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Benefiting others with no intentions/ concerns for oneself
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Behavioral theory on altruism
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We work solely to avoid punishment and gain reward so there is no such thing as altruism
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Bystander Effect
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Latane and Darley
Kitty Geneve |
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Diffusion of responsibility
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others will do it
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Prejudice
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An unjustified or incorrect attitude towards an individual based soley on the individual membership of social group
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