Social Psychology Final

Front 1

Peace

Back 1

A condition marked by low levels of hostility and aggression and by mutually beneficial relationships.

Front 2

Conflict

Back 2

A perceived incompatibility of actions or goals.

Front 3

Divergence of Interest

Back 3

Social trap (self-interest and collective-interest

Front 4

Discontinuity Effect

Back 4

People are more competitive and less cooperative in a group context

Front 5

Social Dilemmas...

Back 5

Include mixed motives and interests and underlie various problems

Front 6

2-Party Prisoner's Dilemma

Back 6

Both confess= 5 years each

Both deny= 1 year each

One confesses, one denies= 0 years for confessor, 10 years for denier

Front 7

Tragedy of the Commons

Back 7

Depletion of shared resources because individuals consume more than is necessary to sustain them.

Front 8

Relative Deprivation

Back 8

The perception that one is less well-off than others with whom one compares oneself.

Front 9

Sherif's Boys' Camp Experiment

Back 9

Showed group polarization and was similar to Lord of the Flies between the two groups

Front 10

Changing payoffs to resolve social dilemmas...

Back 10

Helps resolve conflict

Front 11

Mirror-image Perceptions

Back 11

Reciprocal views of each other often held by parties in conflict.

Front 12

Deutch & Kruss trucking game

Back 12

The truckers would rather take the long way than work together to open the gaits because they feel threatened by the other's success

Front 13

Conflict Escalation

Back 13

Use of progressively more contentious tactics (negative attitudes, dehumanizing other party, deindividuating the other party, blaming the other party).

Front 14

Conflict Resolution: Antecedent

Back 14

Ripeness (motivation to escape conflict escalation, hurting stalemate, and an enticing opportunity)

Front 15

Conflict Resolution: Communication

Back 15

Bargaining, mediation, arbitration, autocratic decision making

Front 16

Mediation

Back 16

A neutral third-party offers suggestions to the parties that allow each party to make concessions and still save face

Front 17

Arbitration

Back 17

Having a mediator make the final decision

Front 18

GRIT steps

Back 18

1. Someone decides they want to deescalate a conflict and propose an initiative to do so

2. Initiative is carried out as proposed

3. Other party makes a more cooperative move and then the initiator and so on

Front 19

Health Belief Model

Back 19

Beliefs concerning effectiveness and consequence of a particular action determine whether one would act

Front 20

Health Psychology

Back 20

The study of the psychological roots of health and illness.

Front 21

Downstream vs. upstream approaches to health

Back 21

Downstream: individual

Upstream: environment

Front 22

Catastrophes

Back 22

Natural and human-induced disasters

Front 23

Significant life changes

Back 23

Negative and happy life changes

Front 24

Chronic daily hassles

Back 24

Micro-stressors like crowding and pollution

Front 25

General Adaptation Syndrome phases

Back 25

Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Front 26

Depressive Explanatory Style

Back 26

. Failure is stable (it's going to last)

. Failure is global (I'm ruined)

. Failure is internal (it's my fault) and

Front 27

Signal Detection Theory in the clinic

Back 27

Front 28

Illusory Correlation

Back 28

Believing two things are associated when they really aren't

Front 29

Confirmation Bias

Back 29

Finding what you want to find that confirms your theory

Front 30

Hindsight Bias

Back 30

"I should have known"

Front 31

Vicious cycle of depression

Back 31

Front 32

Seligman's explanation for depression

Back 32

A rise in individualism and concomitant decline in commitment to common good

Front 33

Minimizing wrongful convictions based on faulty eyewitness testimony

Back 33

. Allow witnesses to give own answers first

. Practice with false lineup

. Reinstate the context

. Instant recognition vs. elimination

Front 34

Signal Detection Theory of trials

Back 34

Front 35

Media effects

Back 35

. Influence on specific cases

. Perceptions of crime prevalence

Front 36

Bad interrogation...

Back 36

. Leading questions

. Creation of false memories

Front 37

Voir dire

Back 37

A preliminary examination of a witness or a juror by a judge or counsel (to eliminate bias)

Front 38

Death-qualified jurors are...

Back 38

. More concerned with crime control than due process of law

. Authoritarian

. Rigid

. Punitive

. Closed to mitigating circumstances

. Contemptuous of the lower class

Front 39

Misinformation effect

Back 39

Post-event information changes the memory

Front 40

Certainty and eyewitness accuracy are...

Back 40

Unrelated

Front 41

Dunning and Stern instant recognition vs. elimination

Back 41

Instant recognition = more accurate

Front 42

Eyewitness testimony

Back 42

Makes conviction rate skyrocket

Front 43

Recalling minute details & perception of eyewitness

Back 43

Makes them seem more reliable to jury, but they may not be remembering the important details

Front 44

Jury consensus building

Back 44

. Encourages juries to consider info more carefully

. Minority can exert influence

Front 45

Importance of 12-person jury

Back 45

. To forestall excessive conformity pressures

. To ensure representation of minority groups

Front 46

Things that work in the defendant's favor

Back 46

. Similarities to jury

. Attractiveness

Front 47

Judge's instructions

Back 47

Make information to be ignored more influential

Front 48

Population Crowding

Back 48

Subjective feeling that there are too many people in a given space

Front 49

Population Density

Back 49

Number of people in a given space

Front 50

Natural environmental disasters

Back 50

. Global warming -> Greenhouse gasses

. Acid rain -> Destroying plants and marine life

. Industrial pollutants -> Urban smog

. Toxic waste -> Poor countries

. Pollution -> 1/3 people will get cancer

Front 51

Human environmental disasters

Back 51

. High crime rate -> Poverty & neglect

. Drug violence -> Economic & social situations

. Crumbling schools and reduction of workforce pool

. Overpopulation -> Resource depletion

Front 52

Affluence and happiness

Back 52

The more you have, the less happy you are

Front 53

Promoting environmentalism

Back 53

. Attitude change through education

. Changing payoff matrix

. Hypocrisy induction: dissonance

. Feedback provision

Front 54

Toward sustainability and survival

Back 54

. Close, supportive relationships

. Faith communities

. Positive thinking habits

. Experiencing nature

. Flow

Front 55

Speth's role of identity in environmentalism

Back 55

. Positive view of future generations

. Acknowledgement of our interdependency

. Valuing relational and spiritual wellbeing