Social Psychology Book, Arronson, Chapters 10-13

Front 1

Propinquity Effect

Back 1

People who, by chance, you come into contact with the most are the most likely to become your friends and lovers.

Front 2

Mere Exposure Effect

Back 2

Exposure to any stimulus produces liking for it.

Front 3

Social Exchange Theory

Back 3

How people feel about their relationships depends on their perception of the rewards vs. costs.

Front 4

Comparison Level

Back 4

Expectations about the outcomes of their relationship.

Front 5

Comparison Level for Alternatives

Back 5

Expectations about how happy you would be in another relationship.

Front 6

Equity Theory

Back 6

States that we are happiest when the ratio of rewards vs. costs we experience is roughly equal to that which the other person experiences.

Front 7

Companionate Love

Back 7

Feelings of intimacy without intense longing and arousal.

Front 8

Passionate Love

Back 8

Feelings of intimacy with intense longing and arousal.

Front 9

Triangular Theory of Love

Back 9

Distinguishes among three components: intimacy, passion and commitment.

Front 10

Evolutionary Psychology

Back 10

Explains social behavior in terms of genetic factors that evolved over time according to the principles of natural selection.

Front 11

Evolutionary approach to love

Back 11

States that men and women are attracted to different characteristics in each other because this maximizes their reproductive success.

Front 12

Attachment Styles

Back 12

Peoples' past relationships with their parents will determine quality of intimate relationships as adults.

Front 13

Types of Attachment Styles

Back 13

Secure, Anxious/Ambivalent, Avoidant

Front 14

Investment Model

Back 14

A type of social exchange model which states that level of investment in and satisfaction with relationship determines whether someone will stay in it.

Front 15

Exchange Relationships

Back 15

Those in which people are concerned about a fair distribution of rewards and costs.

Front 16

Communal Relationships

Back 16

Those in which people are less concerned with the immediate exchange of cost/benefit and more concerned with helping a partner in need.

Front 17

Prosocial Behavior

Back 17

Acts performed with the goal of benefiting another person.

Front 18

Altruism

Back 18

Desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper.

Front 19

Kin Selection

Back 19

People are prosocial to ensure the survival of genetic relatives.

Front 20

Norm of Reciprocity

Back 20

Norm whereby people help strangers in the hope that they'll receive help then they need it.

Front 21

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

Back 21

Sees prosocial behavior as motivated only by empathy and compassion for those in need.

Front 22

Altruistic Personality

Back 22

The idea that some people are more helpful than others.

Front 23

Negative-State Relief Hypothesis

Back 23

States that helping someone makes us feel good, lifting us out of the doldrums.

Front 24

Urban Overload Hypothesis

Back 24

States that cities bombard people with so much stimulation that they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed.

Front 25

Bystander Effect

Back 25

The fewer the bystanders, the less likely each is to help.

Front 26

Pluralistic Ignorance

Back 26

No one recognizes that something is wrong because they look for cues from other people, who are also confused.

Front 27

Diffusion of Responsibility

Back 27

Case in which bystanders feel like they don't have to assume responsibility because they can pass it off to other.

Front 28

Aggression

Back 28

Intensional behavior aimed at doing harm or causing pain to another person.

Front 29

Hostile aggression

Back 29

Involves having the goal of inflicting pain.

Front 30

Instrumental Aggression

Back 30

Involves inflicting pain on the way to some other goal.

Front 31

Eros

Back 31

Concept meaning an instinct toward life; posited by Freud.

Front 32

Thanatos

Back 32

Concept meaning an instinct toward death; posited by Freud.

Front 33

Amygdala

Back 33

Area in the core of the brain that controls aggression.

Front 34

Serotonin

Back 34

Chemical that inhibits aggressive behavior.

Front 35

Testosterone

Back 35

Positively correlated with aggressive behavior.

Front 36

Frustration-Aggression Theory

Back 36

States that the experience of frustration can increase the probability of an aggressive response.

Front 37

Aggressive Stimulus

Back 37

An object associated with aggressive responses, such as a gun.

Front 38

Social Learning Theory

Back 38

States that aggression can also be produced through the imitation of aggressive models.

Front 39

Catharsis

Back 39

The idea that committing an aggressive action or watching others behave aggressively is a good way to get the impulse toward aggression out of ones system.