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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aggression |
Physical or verbal behaviour intended to hurt someone |
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Hostile aggression |
Hurting someone else because we are angry |
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Instrumental aggression |
Hurting someone else to achieve some other purpose |
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Frustration aggression theory |
The single best determinant of aggression is frustration; we will aggress when our goals are blocked |
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Relative deprivation theory |
The perception that individuals or their social group have less than they deserve is associated with aggression |
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Weapons effect |
States that the presence of weapons acts as a cue that can cause violence |
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Secure base |
Sense of belonging, allowed to explore the world |
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Safe haven |
We can seek support and comfort when feeling distress |
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Anxiety |
The extent to which a person worries about being abandoned or rejected by others |
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Avoidance |
The extent to which a person feels comfortable with closeness and emotional intimacy in relationships |
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Hyperactivating strategies |
In times of stress, they become more controlling, want more attention, monitors partners behaviour |
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Deactivating strategies |
In times of stress, they do not seek closeness with their partner, they want to maintain distance in effort to control their emotions |
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Commitment |
The tendency to maintain a relationship and feel psychologically attached to it |
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Prejudice |
A negative attitude and affective response toward a group and its individual members |
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Stereotypes |
Beliefs that certain attributes are characteristic of members of particular groups |
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Discrimination |
Unfair treatment of members of a particular group based on their membership in that group |
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Commission |
Things that we do |
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Omission |
Things that we don't do |
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Aversive racism |
Rejecting explicitly racist beliefs, yet experiencing an enduring prejudice against racial groups |
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Hostile sexism |
Overtly discriminatory or sexist |
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Benevolent sexism |
Still sexist but not overtly |
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Social identity theory |
People favour ingroups over outgroups to enhance their own self esteem |
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Cognitive misers |
Conserving mental reserves |
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Internalization of stereotypes |
People who are part of groups can come to hold the stereotypes themselves |
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Attributional ambiguity |
People in stereotyped groups can experience difficulty interpreting feedback from others |
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Tokenism/affirmative action |
People may not get a boost to self-esteem for their achievements |
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Stereotype threat |
Fears that one will confirm the stereotype of one's group interferes with performance |
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Confirmation bias |
Our belief towards an outgroup can cause us to act in ways that ultimately confirm the stereotype |
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Confirmation bias |
Seeing what you expect to see |
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Confirmatory hypothesis testing |
Getting people to say what you expect |
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Behavioural confirmation |
Causing people to act the way you expect |
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Contact hypothesis |
Hypothesis that increased contact between members of various social groups can be effective in reducing prejudice between them; assumes that prejudice stems from ignorance |
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Common ingroup identity model |
Prejudice will be decreased if people view themselves as members of the same social identity |
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Changing cultures and motivations |
People look to their social groups (subjective norms); legislation against hate speech, unequal treatment, hostile environment, can overtime be internalized; individual motivations become tolerant |
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Internal motivations |
Based on a personal belief that prejudice is wrong |
