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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Magic Number |
150 people we know 6 people of connection |
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Why is it we have this innate need to belong (Baumeister and Leary) |
Belonging and Being Socially accepted are fundamental for human beings Social Exclusion consequences (Need to belong is inherent) - Mood and Anxiety Problems (Anxious and Depression, inferior?) -Engagement in unhealthy behaviors -Increases aggression |
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Humans have a biological need for interpersonal bonds? |
Innate desire to want to fit into a group -Evolutionary adaption, because its suits up |
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Destructive obedience, why is it these guards behave in this way. Does obeying authority blindly suit us? Will you question authority? Is this adaptive? |
Milgrams Paradigm |
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Important: Festinger, 1954 Social Comparison Theory |
Upward: We compare ourselves to people superior to us Highly motivate people: upward communication Downward: We compare ourselves to people inferior to us (Makes you feel better, superiority) Downward Active Comparison: Demean someone who is lower than you Passive comparison looking at the past situation then comparing (Train was late, so i got this mark) |
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Social Contagion |
Looking at others in ambiguous situations, crowd behavior eg. traveling on airplane, if other people are scared, you might be scared, if people are calm, you stay calm |
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Mass Hysteria |
Contagious outbreak of irrational behaviour and (even) collective delusions (Bartholomew & Goode) eg. World is coming to an end in the millennial |
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Urban Legends |
False stories repeated and believed to be true, accuracy with retelling (Allport and Postman) |
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Important: Social Facilitation |
Enhancement of performance brought about by the presence of others (with easy tasks) |
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Social Disruption |
Worsening of behaviours in front of others (occurs with difficult tasks) |
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Fundamental Attribution Error |
Attributes: Assigning causes to behaviors Tendency to explain other people's behaviour in terms of internal factors like personality traits and to underestimate impact of situational factors * because we don't know the situation |
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Social influence |
How other people influence our behavior |
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Soloman Asch (1955) |
Conformity: Tendency of people to alter their behaviour as a result of group pressure (Horizontal- all at the same status within the group) |
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Milgram's Paradigm |
DESTRUCTIVE OBEDIENCE - Blindly following not questioning Authority The group influence springs from our leaders (vertical) 2000 participants obeyed instructions till the end 2/3 or participants obeyed instructions till the end They were deceived during the experiment Has shown good people can behave badly, rational people can behave irrational when exposed to destructive obedience and situations |
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The Asch Paradigm |
Which of the comparison lines is the same length as the 'standard line'? Size of the group Conformity increases as the size of the majority increased but only up to 5-6 participant(don't conform if there is a difference in the answer( When there is Unanimity - Everyone will conform Difference of opinion in the majority- Participants think for himself and see the correct answer |
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Zimbardo |
Stanford Prison Study |
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Deindividuation |
Strip people of their identities, Assume someone else positon or role. It its likely you will adopt the role you don't care what your doing to the person in front. Loss of moral compass. Authority figures have the right Stripped of identity can be a positive- take on the identity of the group if the group is good deindividuation can be good If the group is bad will be negative |
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Individual, Cultural or Sex Differences in Conformity and Obedience |
People with low self-esteem, will conform more than people with high self-esteem In individualistic cultures will conform less (USA) In Collectivist Cultures will conform more (ASIAN) Moral people are more likely violate rules (Kohlberg, 1965) Authoritarian people take orders less readily and confirm less No sex differences prevalent |
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Deindividuation |
The tendency of people to engage in atypical behaviour when stripped of their usual identity -Feelings of anonymity -Lack of individual responsibility |
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Mob Psychology |
Irrational behaviour (lose sight or rationality, group frenzy) Unpredictability of Crowd behaviour The bigger the group size, the more aggressive behaviour, more destructive people become, individuals become anonymous within the group |
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Group think (Irving Janis, 1972) |
Group Unanimity without objective evaluation Problematic: When members opinions are nonindependent, you lose rationality, not critical analysing situation (do it, cause everyone's doing it) |
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Ways to avoid Group think |
Devils Advocate (bring down your ideas, make you think critically) Independent Experts (not people in your group) Increase Racial Diversity (decrease prejudice) |
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Group Polarisation |
Going to extremes, variation of people in group reduces the effect of group think |
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Cults |
Group of people with one sole objective Misconception they are emotionally disturbed When they become a part of the cult, you behave in the way of the group, the individual is not brainwashed, they become brainwashed as part of the group |
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The Remedy for cults |
The Inoculation effect: Expose people to information consistent with cult beliefs, then debunk it (slowly by slowly introduce reason) |
