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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Rousseau's view of human nature? |
We are essentially good and but society compels us to do bad things |
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What is Hobbes view of human nature? |
We are essential bad bu it is society that constrains us from doing bad things |
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What are the 5 approaches to social psychology? Explain them. |
-Cognition: Behavior is determined by our perception of experiences, no the actual experience -Learning: How we learn behavior based on a reinforcement and perception (Bobo doll) -Motivational: We base our behavior on our psychological needs -Biological: Evolutionary pasted and genetic predisposition towards behaviors -Cultural: How the cultures we are exposed to effect our behaviours |
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What are the 4 levels of explanation of behaviors in social psychology? Explain them. |
-Intrapersonal: What goes in inside the person -Interpersonal: What goes on outside the person -Intergroup: Group level behavior (gender) -Societal: Cultural effects on behavior. |
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Freud was a modern Hobbes that had a misogynistic view and first drew attention to the conscious, developmental aspects f personality and talking cures. True or False? |
False: The unconcious |
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Freud claimed the restraints of society were internalized during childhood and is why we don't blindly seek pleasure in adulthood. True or False? |
True |
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What are the 3 sub-systems of the unconscious Freud proposed to control conflicts between our instincts and societal demands? Explain them. |
-ID: Most primitive part of the psyche that controls the most basic urges. Demands satisfaction now despite the consequences. -Ego: Works on the reality principle and tries to satisfy the ID in accordance with society. -Superego: Acts as a moral policeman. Is almost the conscious and induces self punishment. Represents internalized rule. |
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What are defense mechanisms according to Freud and why do we need them? |
They deal with the anxiety of leakages of the desires of the ID. The ID finds outlets for the impulses to re-emerge and leads to intense anxiety. |
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What are the 4 defense mechanisms according to Freud? Explain them. |
-Displacement: Impulses are redirected onto a safer course/outlet -Reaction Formation: Original wish is supplanted with the opposite -Projection: Their urges are projected onto others -Isolation: Awareness of memories but not emotions (isolation from emotions) |
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What are the 5 stages of development Freud believed deficiencies in would lead to future problems? |
-Oral stage -Anal stage -Phallic stage -Latency stage -Phallic stage |
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What do difficulties at the Phallic stage lead to? Describe them. |
-Oedipus complex: The boy wants to sexually posses their mother so they hate the father. Fear of castration by father so gives up and acts like his father to gain someone like his mother. -Electra complex: Girl realizes she doesn't have a penis and gets penis envy. Will turn to father to substitute a baby instead. hates mother, develops anxiety over desire etc |
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What do difficulties at the oral stage lead to(3)? |
-Oral fixation -Smoking -Thumb sucking (from being pulled away from the breast. |
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What do difficulties at the anal stage lead to (4)? |
-Anal retention (Holds onto things) -Wont spend money -Obstinate -Likes to paint |
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What do difficulties at the Phallic stage lead to (2)? |
-Castration complex -Homosexuality (from guilt/anxiety from castration complex) |
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What are 3 problems with Freud's ideas? |
-He never studied children -Little experimental evidence supports these ideas -Ideas are not falsifiable |
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What are the 3 components of attitudes? |
-Cognitive: Ideas and values -Affective: Emotional attachment -Behavioral: Predisposition |
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WWhat is attitude? |
A psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating some entity with some degree of favour or disfavour. |
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What is the method for measuring attitudes? |
Likhert scales |
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What is the limitation of Likhert scales |
They depend on honest and sometimes people will give the socially desirable answer. |
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What are the 2 ways social psychologists prevent people from lieing? Explain them. |
-Bogus pipeline: Hooks people up to an impressive machine and tell them it is a lie detector when it is not. -Electromyography: Measures facial muscle activity that people experience with emotion. Actually works. |
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What did Fardanda et al. (1979) find when hooking males up to a Bogus pipeline? |
They were more honest on their attitudes towards woman's rights. |
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What did La Piere (1934) find when he toured the country with a Chinese couple? |
When they visited the restaurants and hotels in person they only had one hotel turn them away but when he wrote to them 92% said no. When directly presented with a situation the attitude did not predict the behaviour. |
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What is the theory of reasoned action? |
That attitude sometime predicts behavior but only when the attitude consistent behavior when they have a chance for success and the consequences aren't too great. Many studies fail to to find relations between attitudes and behaviors because they don't take this into account |
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What did Himmelweit (1990) find in his study on attitudes? |
The attitudes remain mostly stable over time HOWEVER attitudes can change. Attitudes towards capital punishment did not change over the course of 15 years but British attitudes towards PM Thatcher after the Falklands war |
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What is cognitive dissonance? |
Inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviours |
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How can cognitive dissonance cause attitudes to change? |
Inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors. Cant change the behavior (already done) but can change the attitude. |
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How can attitudes be changed (4)? |
-Cognitive dissonance -The source of new information is credible, trustworthy, attractive ad likable -The message is presented quickly, long and without hesitation -If we are approached on a sunny day or if we are happy |
