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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social psychology |
the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another |
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self-concept |
what we think about the self |
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self-reference effect |
self-relevant information catches our attention and is remembered |
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self-esteem |
the way one feels about the self |
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sources of self-esteem |
personal experiences, social comparison, comparison with internal standards |
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self-handicapping |
may protect self image by providing a ready excuse for failure "no lose situation" |
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self-monitoring |
measures the degree to which an individual's behavior is determined by the situation and others rather than on personal factors |
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cognitive miser model |
using shortcuts/heuristics because we are constantly processing so much social information |
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representativeness heuristic |
the more similar someone is to the typical members of a group, the more likely they are to belong |
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base rate fallacy |
one potent image causes us to ignore base rates ex. fear of sharks from Jaws |
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availability heuristic |
we perceive the things more readily available in our minds to be more prevalent/important |
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false consensus effect |
we exaggerate the extent to which others agree with us |
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counterfactual thinking |
when we look at events and think they could have gone differently |
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attribution theory |
how we attribute causes for what happens to ourselves and others |
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dimensions of causality |
locus, stability, controllabilityl |
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locus |
internal vs external |
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stability |
temporary vs permamnent |
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controllability |
controllable vs uncontrollable |
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3 components of attitudes |
cognitive, affective, behavioral |
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cognitive |
thoughts, beliefs, facts |
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affective |
positive or negative evaluations/feelings |
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behavioral |
tendency to repsond or act |
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cognitive consistency theory |
people seek meaning and coherence |
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applications |
justification of effort, motivational, sales application, brainwashing |
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justification of effort |
when we put in a lot of effort, we value it more ex. hazing women asked to read passage |
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motivational applications |
intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation over justification effect ex. kids playing with puzzle |
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over justification effect |
big external rewards may undermine intrinsic motivation |
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sales |
foot in the door, want to be most consistent with our behavior ex. asked to put small sign |
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why do we behave consistently |
culturally valued, personally reassuring, another shortcut |
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when are commitments most effective |
active, public, effortful, internally motivated ex. marriage |
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cognitive dissonance |
to reduce discomfort, we justify our actions, can infer attitudes from behavior, change in attitude when there isn't a justification for behavior, we experience psychological discomfort when we're not consistent |
