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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
voir dire
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the pretrial examination of prospective jurors by the judge or opposing lawyers to uncover signs of bias
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peremptory challenge
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a means by which lawyers can exclude a limited number of prospective jurors without the judge's approval
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scientific jury selection
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a method of selecting juries through surveys that yield correlations between demographics and trial-relevant attitudes
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death qualification
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a jury-delection procedure used in capital cases that permits judges to exclude prospective jurors who say they would not vote for the death penalty
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polygraph
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a mechanical instrument that records physiological arousal from mutiple channels; it is often used as a lie-detector test
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weapon-focus effect
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the tendency for the presence of a weapon to draw attention and impair a witness's ability to identify the culprit
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cross-race identification bias
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the tendency for people to have difficulty identifying members of a race other than their own
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misinformation effect
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the tendency for false postevent infromation to become integrated into people's memory of an event
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jury nulification
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the jury's power to disregard, or "nullify", the law when it conflicts with personal conceptions of justice
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leniency bias
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the tendency for jury deliberation to produce a tilt towards acquittal
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sentencing disparity
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inconsistency of sentences for the same offense from one judge to another
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adversarial model
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a dispute-resolution system in which the prosecution and defense present oppoising sides of the story
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inquisitional model
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a dispute-resolution system in which a neutral investigator gathers evidence from both sides and presnts the findings in court
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