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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Pschology
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Scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another
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Situational Forces
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Often underestimated, can have a powerful effect on behavior
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Contruels
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Subjective perceptions of reality
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Construels come from 2 basic motives
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Competence(need to be right)
Self Esteem(Need to be liked) |
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Triplett Bicycle Races (theory of dynamogenesis
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Presence of others liberates latent energy(Social facilitation) heightens performence.
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Theroies
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Integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed phenomena
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Hypothesis
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Predict specific results
>Provide criteria >GIve direction to research |
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Falsification
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Theory is sufficiently precise that one can imagine some evidence that would contradict the theory. Can be proven wrong
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Prediction is
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Key in science
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Hindsight Bias
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I knew it all along effect
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Name of game in Wall Street Game
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Effected competition levels dramatically
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Naturalistic Observation
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Study of behavior or mental processes in natural environments. No controlled observation
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Survey Methods
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Study random sample, up to 1000 people.. Must be 95% to be credible
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Strategy for Research
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Identify Pop of interest
Randomness Guard against sampling bias |
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Important Q's to ask about research
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Who and How they were asked
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**When evaluating a survey consider 4 factors
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>Repressentativeness of sample
>Order or questions >Response options supplied >How are questions worded? |
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Correlation Method
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Goal: Technique for determing the degree of relationship between two variables.
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Correlation CoEfficient
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-1 to 1 = perfect correlation in strength and direction
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Measuring Desencitization
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Amount of time
Amount of agression |
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Ethnography
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Understanding a group or culture by observing it from the inside w/out imposing preconceived notions they may have
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Experimental Method
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Create lab. environment for causation).
Independant variable Dependant variable |
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Internal Validity
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Must keep everything the same or 3rd variable and reverse causality may occur.
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Self fulfilling Prophecy
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Ex. Horse example,
Rosenthal manipulates w.pre judging photos. ** |
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Ethical Issues
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Informed consent
Debriefing confidentiality |
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Agression
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Internal behavior aimed at causing physical/psychological pain.
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Blowing off steam relieves agresssion..TorF?
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Not true by any research
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Defusing anger by?
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Communication apology
Empathy Self disclusive |
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Alturism
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A subset of prosocial behavior...Voluntary act with no reward
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Prosocial
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Behavior includes any act of helping regardlessly of the helpers motivation
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Bystander Effect
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More people will cause people to do less to help..
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Factors explaing Bystander Effect
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Less Likely to:
>notive incident >Interpret as emergency >Assume responsibility |
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Difusion of responsibility
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Responsibility is shared aboung bystanders=less responsibility/individual
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Gender can cause a change in how we
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Judge a situation or conflict between 2 people/
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Social Exchange; MiniMax
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Minimize loss's Maximize Gains
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Metaanalysis
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Quantitatively review of a number of studies
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Mood's Effect on helping?
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Good Mood improves helping percentage(penny example)
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Increase helping by?
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Upping responsibility.
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Norm of Reciprocity
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The expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future.
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Batson: Empathy altruism hypothesis
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When we feel empathy for another person, we will attempt to help the person for purely altruistic reasons.
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3 Basic motives underlying prosocial behavior
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>Evolutionary Psychology
>Social Exchange Theory >Empathy alturism hypothesis. |
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Urban OVerload Hypothesis
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People in large cities recieve more stimulus and keep to themselves.
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Pluralistic Ignorance
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Bystander assuming that nothing is wrong in an emergency because no one else looks concerned
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Instrumental Aggression
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Aggresion as a means to some goal other than causing pain (ex. football lineman)
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Frustration-Aggression Theory
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Perception that you are being prevented from attaining a goal increased probability of an aggressive response.
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Social Learning THeory
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We learn social behavior by observing others and imitating them... BOBO
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Catharsis
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Notion that blowing off steam relieves aggression
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