Social Psy

Front 1

Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (w/self-justification)

Back 1

a feeling of unpleasant arousal caused by noticing an inconsistency among one's cognitions (Festinger, 1957)

Hint 1

Festinger, 1957

Front 2

Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (w/self-justification)

Back 2

in self-justification as the individual attempts to deal with the threat. Cognitive dissonance typically leads to a change in attitude, a leads to change in behavior, a self-affirmation, or a rationalization of the behavior.

Hint 2

deal with the threat

Front 3

Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (w/self-justification)

Back 3

*change behavior to bring it in line with DC
*attempt to justify our behavior by changing one’s DC
*attempt to justify our behavior by adding new cognition

Encounter such feelings of irrational vs. reasonable, immoral vs. moral, stupid vs. smart

Hint 3

feelings of unpleasant arousal

Front 4

Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (w/self-justification)

Back 4

(Lack of sufficient external justification) people may lie to justify a threat

Hint 4

$1.00 vs. $20.00

Front 5

Self-perception theory of attitude formation and change.

Back 5

infer their attitudes from their own behavior in the same way that an outside observer might.

Hint 5

Explicit-conscious

Front 6

Self-perception theory of attitude formation and change.

Back 6

Self-perception theory is a special case of attribution theory. Therefore, self-attribution proceeds when internal cues are weak or ambiguous

Hint 6

escape goat for attitude

Front 7

Self-perception theory of attitude formation and change.

Back 7

people explain (or attribute) the behavior of others, or themselves (self-attribution). It explores how individuals "attribute" causes to events and how this cognitive perception affects their motivation. Think of "explanation" as a synonym, "why" as the question to be answered and "story" for the answer that is built or fancied.

Hint 7

Implicit-unconscious(uncontrollable)

Front 8

Elaboration Likelihood Model (influence attitude change)

Back 8

model of how persuasive communication can cause formation or changed attitude. Depending on the extent of elaboration, different processes can mediate persuasion.

Hint 8

Petty & Cacioppo, 1981, 1986

Front 9

Elaboration Likelihood Model (influence attitude change)

Back 9

When people are motivated and have the ability to pay attention to the arguments in the communication & peripherally, when people do not pay attention to the argument but are instead swayed by the surface characteristics (who gave speech)

Hint 9

who gave speech

Front 10

Elaboration Likelihood Model (influence attitude change)

Back 10

Central
Processing-In-Depth Thought; Detailed Analyses of Information; think through

Hint 10

In-Depth Thought

Front 11

Elaboration Likelihood Model (influence attitude change)

Back 11

Peripheral
Processing-“Lazy” Thinking; Superficial Analyses of Information: Gut, emotion,lack details decisions

Hint 11

“Lazy-Thought”

Front 12

Factors that can lead to aggressive behavior

Back 12

Conflicts:War, sports, media,physiology,discomfort,stress

Hint 12

Conflicts

Front 13

Factors that can lead to aggressive behavior

Back 13

hormonal imbalances impact on behavior,economic deprivation,family conflicts. & power relations of society as whole, aggression arises as a function of control of one group by another.

Hint 13

endocrinology & sociological

Front 14

Modeling hypothesis (affect violent behavior)

Back 14

learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished

Hint 14

imitating

Front 15

Modeling hypothesis (affect violent behavior)

Back 15

catharsis
emotional release; aggressive drive is reduced when one releases aggressive energy, either by acting aggressively or by fantasizing aggression

Hint 15

emotional release

Front 16

"Pornography"( evidence of definition)

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EROTIC MATERIAL THAT COMBINES ELEMENTS OF SEXUALITY AND AGGRESSION, AND IN WHICH FORCE OR COERSION IS USED TO ACCOMPLISH THE SEXUAL ACT

Hint 16

"P"

Front 17

"Pornography"( evidence of definition)

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as the term applies to the depiction or reproduction of the act, rather than the act itself (The Meese Report)

Hint 17

Meese

Front 18

Self-fulfilling prophecy (lead to prejudicial beliefs)

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a false definition of the situation evoking a new behaviour which makes the original false conception come true

Hint 18

True/False conception

Front 19

Self-fulfilling prophecy (lead to prejudicial beliefs)

Back 19

the process by which someone's expectations about a person or group leads to the fulfillment of those expectations

Hint 19

someone's expectations

Front 20

Allport's 3 principles to reduce prejudice

Back 20

JIGSAW METHOD: each member dependent on other members for learning all parts of the jigsaw. Not only reduces ethnic stereotyping and increases attraction to members of diff. ethnic groups but also enhanced students' cooperation, self-esteem, and attitudes toward school.

Hint 20

cooperation

Front 21

Allport's 3 principles to reduce prejudice

Back 21

1. Support of Authority
2. Equal Status Contact
3. Work on Common Goals

Hint 21

ALLPORT's Keys

Front 22

how/why fear communicates appeals affect people's attitudes/ behavior.

Back 22

When the process message communicates a moderate amount of fear it stimulates interest people pay attention

Hint 22

TRUTH

Front 23

Theory of Reasoned Action (AKA;Theory of Planned Behavior w/attitudes & behaviors

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that people's conscious decisions to engage in specific actions are determined by their attitudes toward the behavior in question, the relevant subjective norms, and their perceived behavioral control

Hint 23

Forecast Behavior

Front 24

Physical attractiveness(prejudice)

Back 24

LESS ATTRACTIVE FEMALES PERCEIVED AS FEMINIST

NO DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALES & FEMALES
NO EFFECT OF RATER ATTITUDES REGARDING WOMEN'S LIBERATION

Hint 24

WOMEN'S LIBERATION

Front 25

Physical attractiveness(prejudice)

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KEY IS PERCEPTION OF LEVELS OF FEMININITY. IF HIGHLY FEMININE, NOT SEEN AS VERY CAPABLE.

MALE TRAITS SEEN AS SIMILAR TO LEADERSHIP TRAITS

Hint 25

LEADERSHIP TRAITS

Front 26

3-componet model of attitudes

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*Affective means having to do with emotion.
*Behavior or behaviour refers to the actions or reactions of an object. or organism, usually in relation to the environment.
*Cognition, the mental processes underlying behavior

Hint 26

ABC's

Front 27

Studies of found biases
(gender/race)

Back 27

Field Theory
FIELD THEORY: human behavior always function of person and physical and social environment with pre-determined lables

Front 28

Studies of found biases
(gender/race)

Back 28

Behavioral confirmation- interviwer studies-
Part 1
White participants interviewed white and black confederates as job applicants who were trained to act exactly the same.
When the job applicant was black the participants sat farther away, ended 25% earlier, and made 50% more speech errors.
Part 2
Trained interviewers interview white participant in one of two interview strategies. “white/white” or “white/black” (ending sooner, stumbling)
Part 3
New participants rated videotapes of the interviews.
Particpants rated the “white/black interview style” were rated as less adequate, less friendly and less likely to get the job

Front 29

Studies of found biases
(gender/race)

Back 29

Resumes mailed and biases
MIT researchers sent resumes randomly assigned "white" last names or "black" last names. White resumes were called 1/10. black resumes were called 1/15.