Social Problems Final

Front 1

Urban Problems

Back 1

decaying infrastructure, a shortage of affordable housing, homelessness, inadequate public transit, pollution, lack of health care, failing public school systems, drugs, gangs, and crime

Front 2

Suburbanization

Back 2

when the population moved from the city into the suburbs, which also moved job opportunities and businesses. This has led to a dramatic population shift from the cities in the last 50 years.

Front 3

Deindustrialization

Back 3

Decrease in workers in urban areas because they have moved into the suburbs. A result of suburbanization.

Front 4

Environmental Racism

Back 4

The tendency for poor and minority people areas in cities to be the targets of illegal dumping and the sites where most toxic and hazardous waste is disposed. People of color are 47% more likely to live near toxic waste sites than whites.

Front 5

Suburbs

Back 5

People have moved out of cities to these areas because businesses have moved out of cities, which is a benefit because they make more money by doing so. People who live here are upper-middle class, middle class, and a few working class people live in the suburbs.

Front 6

Urban Poverty

Back 6

Half of the nation’s poor live in cities, mainly the largest cities, and is particularly concentrated in particular urban neighborhoods.

Front 7

Segregation of the Urban Poor

Back 7

The growing proportion of the urban poor are racially segregated in poverty and high-poverty areas in the central city, which isolates them from the educational and economic opportunities they need. The poor people living in the poorest, racially segregated, central city neighborhoods are disconnected both socially and physically from urban labor markets which makes it harder for them to get a good education and find a good job. They also are more likely to adopt violence as a survival strategy.

Front 8

White Flight

Back 8

the movement of predominately upper-middle class, middle class, and working class whites from the central cities into the suburbs.

Front 9

Poverty Areas

Back 9

Neighborhoods in which at least one in five households live below the poverty line.

Front 10

High-Poverty Areas

Back 10

Neighborhoods where at least two in five households live below the poverty line.

Front 11

Poverty

Back 11

Standard of living below the minimum needed for the maintenance of adequate diet, health and shelter.

Front 12

Official Poverty Line or Poverty Threshold

Back 12

The government’s arbitrary line computed by multiplying the cost of a basic nutritionally adequate diet by 3.

Front 13

New Poor

Back 13

Poor whose jobs have moved away to the suburbs, to other regions of the country, or out of the country which has left them jobless or with a job that doesn’t pay as much that they used too. They have less hope of escaping poverty than did the old poor.

Front 14

Old Poor

Back 14

Poor of an earlier generation, who had hopes of breaking out of poverty because unskilled and semiskilled jobs were available.

Front 15

Working Poor

Back 15

People who work but remain below their poverty threshold because it’s part time or they aren’t paid enough.

Front 16

Near Poor

Back 16

People whose incomes are above the poverty threshold but below 125% of that threshold.

Front 17

Severely Poor

Back 17

People whose incomes are at the half or below the poverty line.

Front 18

The Government and Poverty

Back 18

minimizes the extent of poverty in the US: They do not keep up with everything that promotes poverty, and have calculated that about 12.5% (35.9 million) of Americans were poor in 2003, when realistic statistics show that 17.8% (52 million) people were poor. However, the poverty data best available to provide information about the poor is from official government statistics.

Front 19

Welfare

Back 19

Government aided services and money that helps the poor.

Front 20

Ethnicity Percentages of Poverty

Back 20

Blacks-24%
Spiks- 23%
Whites- 8%
There are 3 times more officially poor Blacks and Spiks than whites.

Front 21

Women and Children Poverty

Back 21

Women and children are mainly poor. 53% of all poor families are headed by single mothers. Children growing up in poor families are very malnourished and 6 times more likely to drop out of high school then other kids.

Front 22

Psychological Consequences of Poverty

Back 22

They are rejected and despised by others in society, looked down on as lazy, shiftless, dirty and immoral- they are degraded. They define themselevs as failures and rejects of society. It makes them think they are hopeless, they have no power, and feel their fates are in the hands of others.

Front 23

Social Darwinism

Back 23

Belief that the poor are poor because they inherit mental ability and success depends on that, so poor are unfit in society because they aren't as smart as people who have money. The government feels that they shouldnt help them because they are stupid anyways.

Front 24

Racial Stratification

Back 24

System of inequality in which race is the major criterion for rank and rewards. it offers better occupational opportunities, income, and education to white people.

Front 25

Majority Group

Back 25

Those holding superior power in a society

Front 26

Minority Groups

Back 26

A group of peole dominated by a more powerful group of people in a category. In cases of power, women are minorities.

Front 27

Racial Formation

Back 27

The idea that society is continually creating and transforming racial categories.

Front 28

Ethnicity

Back 28

Culturally distinctive characteristics based on race, religion, or natural origin.

Front 29

Racial-Ethnic Groups

Back 29

racially defined ethnic groups (African American, Latino, etc.)

Front 30

Institutional Racism

Back 30

Establishd and customary social arrangements that exclude on the basis of race. Social processes that, intentionally or not, protect the advantages of the dominant group while maintaining the unequal position of the subordinate group.

Front 31

Feminist Approach

Back 31

One in support of feminist equality

Front 32

Gender Stratification

Back 32

The differential ranking and rewarding of sexes in such a way that women are unequal in power, opportunities and resources.

Front 33

Feminist Movement in the US

Back 33

started in 1830's
1960's- civil rights movement

Front 34

Corporate Crime

Back 34

Illegal acts committed in the name of corporate goods such as fradulent advertising, unfair labor practices, sock manipulation, etc.

Front 35

White Collar Crime

Back 35

Illegal acts committed by middle class and upper-middle class people in their business and social activities such as theft, embezzlement, bankruptcy fraud, etc.

Front 36

Organized Crime

Back 36

A business syndicate that seeks profit by supplying illegal goods and services such as drugs, prositution, pornography, etc. People can and do organize to provide what others want even if it is illegal.

Front 37

Moral Order Crimes

Back 37

Acts that violate laws that enforce the morality of the majority.

Front 38

Victimless Crimes

Back 38

Acts that violate moral order crimes; they may offend the majority but they do not harm other people.

Front 39

Scientific Management

Back 39

Efforts to increase worker efficiency by breaking down work into very specialized tasks, the standarization of tools and procedures, and the speeding up of repetitive work.

Front 40

Alienation

Back 40

Separation of human beings from each other, from themselves, and from the products they create.