Social Problems

Front 1

Anomie

Back 1

Condition characterized by the breakdown of norms and may lead to crime. Shows a gap between goals and the means to achieve them

Front 2

Deterrence

Back 2

A type of justice system. Based on the idea that criminal make rational decisions based on the benefits of committing a crime and the probability of getting caught. Assumes they have a high probability of getting caught by law agencies

Front 3

Differential Socialization

Back 3

Individuals behave in accordance with cultural/gender norms

Front 4

Social Bond Theory

Back 4

strong social bonds prevent people from engaging in criminal behavior

Front 5

Strain Theory

Back 5

strain emerges when people cannot achieve their goals (such as money) by legit means (such as a job). People adapt to the strain with either - conformity, innovation, rebellion, ritualism

Front 6

Window Breaking Metaphor

Back 6

If a window is broken and not repaired it signifies no one cares so the rest of the windows will get broken

Front 7

Most Common Type of Crime in Canada

Back 7

Property Crimes

Front 8

Violent Crimes are also called______

Back 8

Conventional Crimes

Front 9

A Reason for Gender Differences in Crime Rates (term)

Back 9

Differential Socialization

Front 10

Routine Activities Theory

Back 10

Victimization requires the convergence of likely offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians

Front 11

3 Characteristics That Put People More at Risk for Becoming Victims

Back 11

Vulnerability
Gratifiability
Antagonism

Front 12

Central Concern for Functionalist Theory

Back 12

Social Disorganization leads to loss of Social Cohesion

Front 13

Subculture Theory

Back 13

Used to explain crimes where there is no clear benefit (murder, vandalism, rape)

Front 14

Labeling

Back 14

The process of defining and treating others as deviant

Front 15

Dipsomania

Back 15

A term for drunkenness

Front 16

Heroine Addicts used to primarily be_______

Back 16

middle-class doctors

Front 17

Disabling

Back 17

The concept of how kids are more likely to become problem drinkers because their family members are

Front 18

Vancouver's Downtown Eastside is known for__________

Back 18

Having the highest HIV rate in the western world

Front 19

Most common users of cocaine pre-banning

Back 19

Urban Blacks

Front 20

Drug Abuse: Structural-Functionalist Perspective

Back 20

Drug and alcohol abuse results from the way social/cultural norms endorse it (ex: expected to get wasted on NYE)

Front 21

Social Disorganization Theory
-what is it?
-how is it resolved?

Back 21

During times of rapid social change, norms/values become unclear and substance abuse increases.

It is resolved by re-forming tight groups and re-learning customs and beliefs

Front 22

Merton's Anomie Theory

Back 22

Substance abuse does not occur from a LACK of values but rather CONFLICT between them

(ex: student values say binge drinking is bad - social values say give 'er)

Front 23

4 Pillars of Canada's Drug Strategy

Back 23

Prevention
Treatment
Harm Reduction
Enforcement

Front 24

Transgender

Back 24

Identifying ones gender as different from their biological one

Front 25

The Left Hand of Darkness - a book that discusses_______

Back 25

A race of people, the Gethenians, who pass through both male and female stages

Front 26

2 Factors that lead to relationship satisfaction

Back 26

1) Containment of Relationship Conflict
2) Intimate Communication Between Partners

Front 27

1st country in the world to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation

Back 27

South Africa

Front 28

The most important factors that make gays feel comfortable (3)

Back 28

1) Permissive Social Spaces
2) Sexual Identity Based Social/Political Organizations
3) Consciousness Raising Demonstrations and Media Acknowledgment

Front 29

The Mattachine Society

Back 29

Called for the recognition of homosexuals as a repressed minority

Front 30

Institutional Completeness

Back 30

The creation of communities that are fully self-serving, allowing for them and people's identities to survive

Front 31

5 Subgroups Within the San Fran Gay Scene

Back 31

Leather
Men of Color
Activists
Men who go to Clubs
Younger People

Front 32

4 Factors that Influence Homophobia

Back 32

1) Openness to Human Diversity
2) Openness to Sexual Diversity
3) Familiarity with Homosexuals
4) Membership to a Homophobic Culture

Front 33

Court Case: Ms. T from Alberta

Back 33

After raising 17 children very well she was found unable to raise more due to her being a lesbian

Front 34

Double Shift

Back 34

Modern women's dual role as breadwinner (income provider) and homemaker

Front 35

Extended Family

Back 35

2 or more generations living in the same house (having grandma live with you)

Front 36

Patriarchy

Back 36

Eldest male is the leader

Front 37

Patrilineal

Back 37

Father's side of family is dominant

Front 38

Matrilineal

Back 38

Mother's side of family is dominant, if society is male-dominant, mother's brother is most dominant

Front 39

Bilateral

Back 39

Families are counted equally through both family lines

Front 40

Neolocal

Back 40

The idea that after marriage each partner will leave their parental household and start a new family

Front 41

Nuclear Family

Back 41

Most Common Type. Consists of 1-2 generations living together (parents and children)

Front 42

Conjugal Family

Back 42

Property rights are given to marriage ties over blood ties

Front 43

Consanguine Family

Back 43

Property rights are given to blood ties over marriage ties

Front 44

Bedroom Communities

Back 44

Ones in which the men work and the woman stay at home

Front 45

Most common forms of contraception in developed countries / undeveloped countries

Back 45

Developed - pills/condoms
Undeveloped - Sterilization/IUDs

Front 46

Boomerang Effect

Back 46

Returning to home after reaching adult life

Front 47

Discouraged Workers

Back 47

The unemployed who are NOT currently seeking employment

Front 48

Social Capital

Back 48

High Social Capital = Large, Diverse Acquaintance Group

Front 49

Socialism

Back 49

Public Control of Production

Front 50

Marxists support________

Back 50

Socialism

Front 51

Post Industrialism is characterized by _______

Back 51

...a shift from a manufacturing intensive economy to one based on goods and services

Front 52

Structural Unemployment
-affect?
-causes?

Back 52

Affects all workers equally

Caused by layoffs, capital flights (mergers), movement of work to other areas (runaway plants), and automation

Front 53

Biomedical View of Medicine

Back 53

Focus on Western View of Health. Health is the absence of illness. Endorses drug/surgery use.

Front 54

Biopsychosocial View of Health and Illness

Back 54

Sees health and disease as products of the interaction between body, mind, and environment

Front 55

Co-Morbidity

Back 55

The increased likelihood of acquiring a disease when you already have another disease

Front 56

Deinstitutionalization

Back 56

The movement of care for mental health patients from large institutions to smaller, community based places

Front 57

Epidemiological Transition

Back 57

Shift of disease patterns from those of non-developed countries to those of developed countries

Front 58

Medicalization

Back 58

The process by which a medical profession comes to be viewed as important in other aspects of life

Front 59

Morbidity Rate

Back 59

Rate of disease spread in a population

Front 60

AIDS is the ______ cause of death in adults 15-59 and the ______ cause of death overall worldwide

Back 60

leading cause
4th leading cause

Front 61

AIDS Fatigue / Condom Fatigue

Back 61

Young people who were not around during the AIDS epidemic practice less safe sex

Front 62

Downward Drift Hypothesis

Back 62

Mental Illness Leads to Lower Classes of People

Front 63

Social Causation Theory

Back 63

Lower Classes of People Lead to Increased Mental Illness

Front 64

The Brain Drain

Back 64

Loss of Canadian doctors to better paying nations

Front 65

Medical/Clinical Latrogenesis

Back 65

Any state of decreased mental/physical health due to intervention by a medical professional

Front 66

Primary Prevention - 4 steps to preventing disease

Back 66

1) Immunization
2) Good Public Health Infrastructure
3) Prudent Use of Antibacterials
4) Avoidance of Social Situations and Environments that Allow for Easy Disease Spread

Front 67

The Millennium Development Goals

Back 67

Agreement Between 191 Nations to Wipe Out Poverty

Front 68

Bill C-9

Back 68

Canada's Pledge to Fight Disease in Developing Countries

Front 69

Cornucopian View of Nature

Back 69

The Earth is infinitely resourceful, the only limits are on human's creativity to gather the resources

Front 70

Gentrification

Back 70

The upgrading of run-down areas by middle-class people, resulting in displacement of lower-class people living there

Front 71

Mechanical Solidarity

Back 71

Tight, homogenous social order of pre-industrial, rural society

Front 72

Organic Solidarity

Back 72

The new social order of industrial society based upon mutual relationships, but not necessarily close ones

Front 73

Positive Check

Back 73

Population control based on increasing the death rate

Front 74

Preventative Checks

Back 74

Population control based on decreasing the birth rate

Front 75

The Malthusian Position

Back 75

The rate of population growth will overcome the rate of food supply

Front 76

Suburbanization

Back 76

Development of rural areas surrounding a central city

Front 77

Fascist Authoritarian State

Back 77

The State is all Powerful

Front 78

Resource Mobilization Theory

Back 78

Social Movements are Based off of Material Resources

Front 79

Harm Principle

Back 79

The state cannot interfere in matters that do not pose direct harm to the general welfare of others (gay rights)

Front 80

Danish Registered Partnership Act (DRP)

Back 80

World's 1st bill making homosexual rights = to heterosexual rights

Front 81

Early Care and Education (ECE)

Back 81

Increased # of women in the work place

Recognized that a + group experience provides + cognitive, social, and emotional development in children

Front 82

Place with the Highest Crime Rate in North America

Back 82

BC

Front 83

Heroin Assisted Treatment
-what country
-what did it provide

Back 83

Switzerland

Formed "needle park"

Front 84

Norway is the ___ largest exporter of oil and has the ______ expensive gasoline

Back 84

Norway is the 4TH largest exporter of oil and has the MOST expensive gasoline

Front 85

US uses ____% of the world's daily oil and has the ______ gasoline prices

Back 85

US uses 25% of the world's daily oil and has the LOWEST gasoline prices

Front 86

Why does the US have such high homicide rates relative to other countries?

Back 86

The US has 90 guns per 100 people, while Canada has only 30 guns per 100 people. This is evident in the fact that the homicide rate in the US is 3 times that of the homicide rate in Canada. There is also a large economic and racial inequality level in the US. Other factors leading to higher homicide rates include the larger illegal drug market in the US and an idea called "the code of the street" which reflects the notion that in many parts of the US you must either kill or be killed.

Front 87

Gender Inequality and How Income Inequality Relates to it.

Back 87

Women are forced to work in a dual-market which means that many jobs are designed to only be taken by men while others are designed for women. The jobs that are orientated for women are lower-skilled and lower-income. Women also have a hard time rising about this due the "glass-ceiling effect" which describes how although women may progress up the corporate ladder, they usually hit a ceiling where the higher positions are almost exclusively held by men.

Front 88

Divorce: What are the Consequences and Who Does it Affect?

Back 88

Everyone is affected by divorce, but the people who are affected the most tend to be women. Women are usually granted custody of the children, which means that they need to provide not only for themselves, but for their children as well with little to no help from the fathers. The increase in economic responsibility mirrors the decrease in their ability to develop and maintain a social life.

Front 89

Malthus and His Theory of Population Growth

Back 89

Malthus says that the population growth rate of the world will extend past the supply of food that we have available to us. He suggests use of positive checks, which increase the death rate, such as pestilence, war, famine, etc. And, the use of preventative checks, which decrease the birth rate, such as contraception use, or laws limiting the number of kids parents can have.

Front 90

How do Conflict and Functional Theory Explain Social Problems?

Back 90

Conflict Theory says that social problems arise due to conflict between different economic classes of people. Specifically, the rich and powerful determine the laws, which have a positive effect for them and a negative effect on the poor, lower classes. Functional Theory says that social problems are beneficial, motivating people to overcome problems and move up the social class ladder.

Front 91

The Political Ideologies and their Role in Solutions to Social Problems.

Back 91

The European nations display a more harm-reducing approach to social problems, specifically drugs. They understand that drug use will prevail, so they work to reduce the negative effects it will cause, such as opening safe injection sites. The US has a clearly preventative approach to the same problem. The US's goal is to prevent drug use entirely, rather than attempt to buffer the effects that it causes.

Front 92

How Countries are Preparing Students for the Interconnected World of the 21st Century.

Back 92

The US realized globalization is an ever increasing theme, so the teaching of its concept in school curriculums has increased, however, when being judged against other developed countries, the US is next to last in globalization knowledge in their students. Europe on the other hand has taken measures such as teaching foreign languages at an earlier age, attempting to have all children know a 2nd language by the time the graduate. They also have created partnerships with other schools around the world via a Global Gateway website.

Front 93

Lawless, but Gunless

Back 93

The murder rate in the US is 3x that of the rate in Canada. There are also 3x as many guns per person in the US compared to Canada. This is one explanation why the US has the most violent crimes, while Canada has the most property crimes.