Social Problems

Front 1

Sociological Imagination

Back 1

The ability to see connections between one's own life and the social world they live in

Front 2

Moral Entrepreneurs

Back 2

The people who are claims-makers and try to publicize what they feel is a deviant act

Front 3

Claims-Making

Back 3

The act of claiming a person, group, or behavior is deviant and that something should be done about it

Front 4

Moral Panics

Back 4

Mass actions based upon false or exaggerated information that a group or action is deviant

Front 5

Exclusion

Back 5

The act of excluding others from a group, and rewarding people differently for equal performances

Front 6

Decoupling

Back 6

Separating yourself from society and therefore limiting your social connections which could prevent such things as getting a job

Front 7

Anomie

Back 7

A gap between what people have been taught to want and what they actually get which leads to a lack of typical social or ethical standards in an individual or group

Front 8

Manifest Functions
vs.
Latent Functions

Back 8

Manifest functions - produce expected consequences
Latent functions - produce unexpected consequences

Front 9

Symbolic Interactionism

Back 9

Uses shared meanings of subjective things to help understand human behavior. Similar to social psych

Front 10

Structural Functionism

Back 10

Focus on the societal level rather than the individual, and how every part of society works together as a whole to make it.

Front 11

Conflict Theory

Back 11

Marx/Engels. Emphasizes constant conflict between different groups in society wielding different amounts of power

Front 12

Low-Income Cut-Offs - LICOs

Back 12

Poverty measurement in Canada based off the average % of total household income devoted to mandatory living expenses

If the total % of income in a household spent on essentials is more than 20% over the aveerage - household is poor

Front 13

Low-Income Measures - LIMs

Back 13

Represent 50% of the median family income. Actual family incomes are compared against this to determine if a household is low-income

Front 14

Market Basket Measures - MBM

Back 14

Another poverty measurement based off of the cost of a "basket" filled with the essential needs for survival

Front 15

Human Development Index - HDI

Back 15

Combined measurements of achievement in literacy, life expectancy, and GDP per capita

Front 16

Social Mobility

Back 16

moving from one class to another in one's life

Front 17

Antilocution

Back 17

The sharing of prejudiced beliefs between like-minded friends

Front 18

Aversive Racists

Back 18

People who regard themselves as unprejudiced and support minorities but subconsciously are racist

Front 19

Diaspora

Back 19

The dispersal of a group of people throughout the world (originally the tribes of Israel)

Front 20

Racialization

Back 20

The tendency to use racial explantation is explain a situation when they are not needed

Front 21

Racial Socialization

Back 21

the internalizing of one's racial identity through social interactions with others

Front 22

Modern Multiculturalism
vs.
Traditional Multiculturalism

Back 22

Modern - concern for the protection of minority groups as a whole, not individuals

Traditional - concern for the rights of individuals in different groups

Front 23

Vertical Mosaic

Back 23

"John Porter" - a socioeconomic hierarchy with English and French Canadians at the top

Front 24

Gender Socialization

Back 24

The internalizing of one's gender identity through continuous social interaction with others

Front 25

Functions of the State

Back 25

Protect the citizens
Secure order
Distribute power equally
Provide a safety net

Front 26

Pluralism/Pluralists

Back 26

The state is an IMPARTIAL arbitrator between different interest groups

Front 27

Instrumentalist (Class Theory)

Back 27

The state is an instrument UNDER CONTROL of the major economic producers

Front 28

Structuralist (Class Theory)

Back 28

The state is RELATIVELY AUTONOMOUS.

Front 29

When will the state not act in interest of the elite?

Back 29

Times of Crisis (war, depression)
If business confidence decreases

Front 30

Liberal vs. Conservative Roles of the State

Back 30

Liberal - Social Welfare
Conservative - Social Control

Front 31

Poverty Threshold

Back 31

Used as measurement in the US

=cost of a basic nutritious diet x3

Front 32

Extreme/Severe Poverty

Back 32

When a family's income is below 1/2 of the poverty threshold (U.S.)

Front 33

The New Poor

Back 33

Blue collar workers that lost their jobs due to technology advancements

Front 34

Downward Mobility

Back 34

When someone finds a new job and is making less money than before

Front 35

4 Myths about Poverty

Back 35

Refusal to Work
Welfare Dependency
Advantages given to the Poor
Minority Problems (as the cause)

Front 36

Deficiency Theory of Poverty
Innate Inferiority

Back 36

aka Social Darwinism
the poor are poor because they are weak

Front 37

Deficiency Theory of Poverty
Cultural Inferiority

Back 37

Poor is a culture of its own that keeps spawning more generations of poor

Front 38

Structural Theory of Poverty
Institutional Discrimination

Back 38

When the customary way of doing things works to keep the poor poor
ex: school is expensive, so the poor rarely go

Front 39

Structural Theory of Poverty

Back 39

Capitalism spawns poverty
ex: employers pay the least amount possible

Front 40

Personal Racism

Back 40

Individuals or small groups acting in discriminatory ways against others

Front 41

Institutional Racism

Back 41

The discriminatory, disadvantageous treatment of minorities by society as a whole

Front 42

Institutional Sexism

Back 42

Discrimination against women by society as a whole because of the way it is constructed

Front 43

Dual Labor Market

Back 43

Men working in some jobs, women in others

Front 44

Folk Devils

Back 44

People who are responsible for starting moral panics

Front 45

COYOTE : Call off your old tired ethics

Back 45

Trying to make prostitution legal

Front 46

Institutional Completeness

Back 46

Organization of minorities into tight communities so as to ensure their survival

Front 47

Social Institutions (examples)

Back 47

family, school, workplace, the economy

Front 48

Iron Law of Oligarchy (Mischel)

Back 48

Inequality is inevitable.
There will always be a more powerful group, and conflict between groups.

Front 49

Civic Nationalism

Back 49

A group of equal people who express loyalty and patriotism to a specific set of values. Feeling proud about your country because you live there is civic nationalism

Front 50

Ethnic Nationalism

Back 50

Nationalism feelings based off of one's ethnic background. You feel you only belong to a group if you are of similar ethnic background

Front 51

Catch 22 of Marriage

Back 51

Wishing and planning for a child provides a lot more happiness than when the child is actually born

Front 52

Caregiver Burden

Back 52

Most caregivers to the sick are unpaid, married women, between the ages of 30-59

Front 53

First nation to give women the right to vote...

Back 53

New Zealand

Front 54

Fluidity of Gender

Back 54

How men can act feminine and women can act masculine

Front 55

2 Routes to reducing income inequality

Back 55

1) ensure equal distribution of earnings (wages agreements, unions, benefits)

2) Use taxes and government payouts to reduce inequality or income AFTER earnings

Front 56

Proportional Representation

Back 56

If a party wins a large majority of the votes, they can be granted more than one seat position and therefore they are more likely to give a seat to a female

Front 57

Mainstreaming

Back 57

The idea that men and women should be promoted equally in all government positions

Front 58

Quantitative Gender Equality

Back 58

Equal appointment of men/women to government positions (physical equality)

Front 59

Qualitative Gender Equality

Back 59

Equal acceptance and use of knowledge and experience from both men/women (non-physical equality)

Front 60

Sladen Dam

Back 60

A swedish study showing that 46% of women over the age of 15 have been subject to some sort of violence