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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nonconsious Mimicry |
Tendency to adopt behaviors, postures, ormannerisms of interaction partners |
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PositivityBias |
Tendency to view people in a favorablelight (compared to groups/objects) |
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NegativityEffect |
Tendencyto give more weight to negative information |
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PrimacyEffect |
Tendencyfor the firstinformation received tocarrymore weight onoverall impressions than subsequent information |
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RecencyEffect |
Tendency for last information received to carry greater weight on overall impressions
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Attributions |
- Process by which people try to infer the causes of behaviors & events
- Helps us predict others’ behavior - Motivated by two primary needs Coherent worldview & Control environment - Form judgments based on: Locus of Causality, Stability, Controllability |
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Locus of Causality |
Attributegiven action either to internal states or external factors |
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Stability & Controllability |
- Stable causes – permanent & lasting - Unstable causes – temporary & fluctuating |
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Correspondence Inference Theory |
•How people infer the cause of a single instance of behavior •Whether an overt action corresponds to a stable, personal characteristic •Dispositional attributions (internal & stable) •Correspondence inferences follow 3 rules: •Behavior must: 1.Be low in social desirability 2.Be freely chosen 3.Produce noncommon effects – effects that stand out from others |
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The Covariation Model |
Covariationprinciple
•For something tobe a cause of aparticular behavior, it must be present whenthe behavioroccurs and absentwhen it doesn’t Discountingprinciple •Whenever there are severalpossible causal explanations for a behavior, people are lesslikely to attribute itany particularcause |
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Fundamental Attribution Error |
Thetendency to
•Overestimatetheimpact of dispositionalcausesand •Underestimatetheimpact of situationalcausesonothers’ behavior Alsoknown as the "correspondence bias" |
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Actor-Observer Effect |
Tendency for people to attribute their own behavior to external causes & others’ behavior to internal factors |
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Self-Serving Bias |
Tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to internal factors, and our negative outcomes to external factors
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The Characterization-CorrectionModel |
Dual-process model that contends that when making attributions. 2 types of thinking: - Automatic, effortless Characterize people’s behavior as caused by dispositional factors first - Deliberate, effortful Correct the attribution to better account for situational factors |
