Social Order

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Social Order

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social order refers to a particular set of value systems that instill and enforce certain patterns of stable and predictable behaviour.

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thomas hobbes view of social order

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he said that humans are naturally selfish and without certain rules to enforce behaviour, individuals would be locked in competitive struggle among each other.

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wars

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durkheim

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agreed with thomas hobbes. humans have unlimited desires but he says that its society, not an individual himself, who limits desires through moral codes so that an individual would learn the appropriate approach of behaving amidst others.
for modern society to exist there has to be a basic agreement on values.

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internalising

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accepting moral codes and abiding by them such that it becomes second nature to an individual.

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how does durkheim explain internalising

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through internalising, an individual learns that they can only demand for that which society believes to be appropriate for them to want

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collective conscience/ value consensus

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shared beliefs and values which opperate as a unifying force within society.

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Sanctions

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a sanction us a reward or punishment that a norm associates with a behaviour or appearance

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functionalism and social order

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functionalism is a structural theory and believes that society constitutes an individual to conform to the values through social institutions and that each individual must opperate on the thought that benefit what society demands thus believing that society is far more important than the individual " the whole is greater than the sum of its parts".

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how is social order maintained through sanctions

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social order is maintained through agents such as your family, schools, peers, teachers and more formal agents such as the aithorities, negative sanctions are implemented through punishment such as juvinile, detention or even being grounded as it teaches individuals to conform and to waver from delinquent behaviour. positive sanctions can also invoked through awards for achieving something that society would favour.

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marxist point of view

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marxists would say that social order is brought about by the ruling class through false consciousness of the dominant ideology where the working class is subjected to comprehend that the exploitatation they recieve is only natural and believe that this is how the society functions. marxists also believe that the working class can acheive what marx called a socialist consciousness where they are aware of being exploited and in turn, fight for equality challenging the status quo.

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Habermas

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he says that ideaa and languages make a fundamental contribution to the structure of society and needs to be analysed in their own right rather than reduced to a mere reflection of material forces.

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althusser

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he states that ideology is 'profoundly unconscious' and that it is reproduced through ideological state apparatuses which are basically constructed to gain consent from the masses by passing along an idea. normally this 'idea' is mostly in favour of the ruling class for example in education he says that through idealogy presented through education, an individual that is exposed to this, and he or she would in turn follow these ideas without questioning it thus trapping the individual in a position created for them by the ruling class. through this process an individual can be controlled and easily controllable and proceeds to conform to the post given to them by the ruling class.

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interacrionists

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they go against the Marxists view of social order being deterministic and go onto to voice that individuals do have a say in how they conduct their lives thus being free will, where they get to percieve their realities in the way they want for example if a child was seen to be looking in the direction of another student during an exam, to one individual it may seem as though the child is copying or to another it may seem like the child was simply stretching.
interactionists further go on to say that the way an individual examines situationa would influence the way they make sense of a situation, concluding that people are not as passive as the Marxists say.

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mead

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self conscious beings understand that if they want to join social interactions, they would need to embrace the roles given to them and they would need to view themselves as others view them.