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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social identity theory |
(Tajfel 1979) - Theory that social identity is a person's sense of who they are based on their group memberships |
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Two types of identity |
Personal - Individual characteristics like feelings Social - Characteristics that locate and individual in relation to a social category |
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Tajfel & Turner, 1986 |
- Intergroup behaviour - Not just competition over resources that causes conflict, also categorisation |
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Categorisation |
The process of identifying the self and others as members of a particular social category |
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Hewstone et al 2002 |
- Ingroup favouritism vs outgroup rejection - intergroup conflict increases ingroup cohesion |
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Differentiation |
Jetten & Spears, 2004 - Conflict areas to establish and maintain identity and boundary lines between groups |
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Moral exclusion |
Straub 1990 Terrorism example |
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5 beliefs that propel groups toward conflict |
Eidelson & Eidelson 2003 1) Superiority 2) Injustice 3) Vulnerability 4) Distrust 5) Helplessness |
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Superiority |
Chosenness - common component of conflict between ethnically based identity groups Entitlement - Often in relation to scarce resources, territory or status |
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Injustice |
Ingroups belief in legit significant grievance against outgroup (Stroub 1989) Shared perspectives of injustice heighten perceptions of ingroup identification (Brewer & Brown, 1998) |
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Vulnerability |
Fear over future threat common with ethnic conflict (Kelmon, 1987) Perception of vulnerability can increase negative intergroup behaviours such as hostility (Riek et al 2006) Iraq war WMD example |
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Distrust |
Outgroup is untrustworthy and creates malicious intent (Insko & Schopler, 1998) Groups more distrustful than individuals Recognising outgroups have opposing interests and competitive for same resources |
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Helplessness |
Group belief in powerlessness and dependency Results in negative appraisal of prospects |
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Robbers Cave Experiment |
Sherif et al, 1961 - Study of integroup conflict and cooperation - 2 groups of 12 year old boys - Norms, roles and structure naturally developed - Once learned knowledge of other group existing, demanded competition - Friendly tournament to open conflict - Intergroup relations developed and turned into conflict |
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Realistic Group Conflict Theory |
Sherif et al 1966 - Competion over resources - Haves and have nots - Negative intergroup dynamics and prejudice |
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Discontinuity Effect |
Gaertner & Insko, 2001 - Groups more competitive than individuals - Cooperative individuals become competitive in a group |
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Competition Mindset |
Sassenberg et al 2007 - Cognitive procedures related to how one chooses between various goal alternatives - Just thinking about competition being applicable increases hostility - Carry over effects, increases prejudice towards groups not even involved |
