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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Cognitive dissonance research deals mainly with...
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Cognition & Attitude formation
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The notion is that inconsistencies that create tension are caused by congnitions or attitudes.
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Parents who are intolerant or use aggression when raising children produce...
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Less agressive children
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Abused children are more likely to become abusers when they have their own children.
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In multi-cultural apects Rogerian person-centered therapy...
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has been used more than other models to help promote understanding between cultures and races.
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Advantage is that it is non-judgemental
Disadvantages come when authority from the therapist is demanded by culture. |
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In multi-cultural counseling the term therapuetic surrender means...
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the client pyschologically surrentds to a counselor from a different culture, or becomes open with thoughts and feelings.
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The client is comfortable and trusts counselor even for self-disclosure to take place.
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Literature suggests these factors aid in therapuetic surrender...
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rapport, trust, listening, conquering resistence, self disclosure
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In terms of Trust & Therapeutic surrender...
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1. It's easier to trust someone from one's own culture.
2. Lower-class people tend to not trust others from a higer-class. 3. Lower-class clients may feel like they will loose when dealing with a higher-class therapist |
Language barriers intensify difficulties. Speak directly, don't use jargon.
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Which client may have the most trouble disclosing to a White counselor?
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A lower-class African American male
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Males tend to have more trouble disclosing.
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According to assimilation-contrast theory a client would view dissimilar attitudes as...
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even more dissimilar.
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When counseling a client from a different culture, a common error is made when negative transference...
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is interpreted as therapeutic resistence.
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Therapists should try to remember that transference relate to events/people PRIOR to treatment - NOT the helping relationship.
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To facilitate therapuetic surrender a counselor should possess
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Good listening skills
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**FYI** Monolithic perspective refers to perceinging all people in a given group as the same.
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In multi-cultural terms, a counselor can more easily advise which type of client?
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One of their own culture.
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It is easier to empathesize with which type of client?
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One that is similar to you.
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Counseling is most effective in a cross-cultural counseling when...
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structure/nature is described in the initial session.
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Identifying the structure helps describe the roles of helper and helpee.
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When interacting with a counselor a client from another culture will...
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speak to the counselor differently from the way he would when speaking to peers.
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When an African-American client tells a White counselor things are "bad' when she means "good" this can be described as a...
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Connotative error.
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3 Major barriers to inter/cross-cultural counseling include language barriers (ie connotative), culture-bound, class-bound
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What language does a Monolingual US counselor speak?
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Only English.
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What event was a prime factor in the history of multicultural counseling?
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Brown v Board of Education
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Desegregated schools creating a diverse population for school counselors.
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Multicultural counseling promotes...
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Eclecticism
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Counselors need to be flexible and have many options for methods & treatment.
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The word "Emic" is a...
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"culture specific' perspective, from the word "phonemic" meaning sounds in a particular language.
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Also described as an insider's perspective of the culture. An emic view emphasizes clients are individual
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The etic viewpoint espouses...
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humans are humans regardless of background and culture.
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derived from the term 'phonetic" meaning sounds the same in any language.
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A counselor tells his client if he's unhappy withe the system to get out and rebel. This is an example of the ____ viewpoint
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Alloplastic.
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Alloplastic refers to the client being able to cope best if he changes the external factors as opposed to internal factors.
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Changing the way a client thinks or feels about preceived or real discrimination is an example of the ____ method of coping.
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Autoplastic.
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Autoplastic refers to changing the self to better fit or cope with environment.
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Most experts believe poor African American clients are generally ____ with feelings.
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not very open.
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Positive transference is to love as negative transference is to hostility, and as ambivalent transference is to____.
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Uncertainity.
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Occurs when a client rapidly shifts his emotional attitude toward the counselor.
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The word personalism in the context of multicultural counseling means...
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all people must adjust to environmental and geological demands.
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Culture must mold to fit environment to ensure survival. Counseling will be most effective if client is viewed as a person who learned a set of survival skills rather than a diseased person.
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A client whose counselor takes an alloplastic viewpoint may see him as...
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Attacking the system
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A good multicultural counselor is ...
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Flexible.
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Every brand of therapy has it pros and cons therefore it is best to remain flexible.
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According to social facilitation theory a person will perform better if...
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He is part of a group.
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A client remarks, "Hey I'm Black, its nearly impossible to hide it." This is an example of____.
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Race is not the same as ethnicity.
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You can usually see racial features since they are the result of genetics.
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Experts in the Multicultural field believe training should be...
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broad and interdisciplinary.
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Doing cross-cultural counseling...
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makes counselors increasingly aware of cultural differences.
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In social psychology the sleeper effect asserts that...
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after a period of time one forgets the communicator but remembers the message.
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Creepy...
Also, when attempting to changes another's opinion the change may not ocurr immediately. |
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In 1908, books by ____ introduced social psychology to America.
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McDougall and Ross.
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"Intro to Social Psychology"-William McDougall
"Social Psychology"-Alsworth Ross |
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The therapist closely associated with obedience and authority is...
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Stanley Milgram, noted psychologist.
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Conducted the freakish experiment where people were order to shock "learners" when they answered incorrectly.
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Normal people will administer seemingly deadly shocks to others when instructed by a person perceived as a(n)....
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Authority figure.
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The tendency to affiliate with others
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is highest in first borns and only children.
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A client tells his counselor he has a choice of entering two prestigious Phd. programs. Kurt Lewin would call this...
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Approach-approach conflict.
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Two equally attractive options.
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When a person has two negative alternatives, it is called....
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Avoidance-avoidance conflict.
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Clients in this position often daydream, flee from the situation, or regress
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A male client tells his counselor he is attracted to a gorgeous woman who is violent & chemically dependent. This creates a...
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Approach-avoidance conflict.
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This has a positive aspect and a negative aspect at the same time.
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According to Osgood & Tannenbaum's congruity theory a client will accept suggestions more readily if ...
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The client likes the counselor.
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Based on "balance theory"
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An adept multicultural counselor...
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usually supports the salad bowl model of diversity.
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Cultures can be together in the same place-but do not melt together.
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Muzafer Sherif et.al's experiment at a boy's summer camp showed...
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A cooperative goal can bring two hostile groups together, thus reducing competition & enhancing cooperation.
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Best way to reduce hositility is to have alternative goal that requires joint effort.
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Sex role stereotyping would imply that....
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1. a counselor would only consider traditional geminine careers for a female client.
2. a male counselor would rate a female's emotional status differently than he would a male's. |
Studies show counselor's are prejudice toward women...meaning they have inflexible or rigid views.
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The statement "whites are better than blacks" illustrates...
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racism.
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In terms of research related to affiliation
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1. Misery loves miserable company.
2. Firstborns are more likely to affiliate than other children born later. 3. people affiliate in an attempt to lower fear. |
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5 out of 6 group members tell the counselor they enjoyed the group activity. According to studies the 6th member would likely....
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say he too felt the group activity was very helpful.
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Most people would conform or sell out
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The client who would most liekly engage in introspection would be a...
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A 52 year old African-American male school administrator
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FOCUS on SOCIAL CLASS before minority status or sex. Higher classes have more time to look into ther lives
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A Japanese client is reluctant to look you in the eye during a session this is an example of...
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normal behavior within the context of her culture.
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