Social And Cultural Foundations

Front 1

1.America has been called the most diverse country on the face of our planet. Counseling a client from a different social and/or cultural background is known as
a. cross-culture counseling.
b. multicultural counseling.
c.intercultural counseling.
d. all of the above.

Back 1

D

Front 2

2.Culture refers to
a.Customs share by a group which distinguished it from other groups.
b.Values shared by a group that are learned from others in the group.
c.Attitudes or beliefs, art, and language from others in the group.
d.All of the above.

Back 2

D

Front 3

3.Our culture is more diverse than in the past. Multicultural counselors often work with persons who are culturally different. This means the client
a.Is culturally biased.
b.Suffers from the diagnosis of cultural relativity.
c.Belongs to a different culture from the helper.
d.Present problems which deal only with cultural charged issues.

Back 3

C

Front 4

4.In order to diagnose clients from a different culture
a.The counselors ideally will need some information regarding the specifics of the culture.
b.The counselor will find the DSM useless.
c.The counselor will find the ICD diagnosis when counseling clients from another culture.
d.NBCC ethics prohibit the use of DSM diagnosis when counseling clients from another culture.

Back 4

A

Front 5

5.In the United States, each socioeconomic group represents
a.A separate race.
b.A separate culture.
c.The silent middle class.
d.A separate national culture.

Back 5

B

Front 6

6.Which therapist was not instrumental in the early years of the social psychology movement?
a.Freud
b.Durkheim
c.McDougall
d.Berne

Back 6

C

Front 7

7.____ and ____ would say that regardless of culture, humans have an instinct to fight.
a.Maslow; Rogers
b.Ellis; Harper
c.Freud; Lorenz
d.Glasser ; Rogrs

Back 7

C

Front 8

8. ____believed that aggression is learned. Thus, a child who witnessed agressive behavior in adults may imitate the aggressive behavior.
a.instinct theorist.
b Innate aggression theorist.
c.Social learning thorist.
d. Followers of Erik Erikson

Back 8

C

Front 9

9.The APGA, which became the AACD until 1992 and is now the ACA, contributed to the growth of cross culture counseling by
a.The 1972 formation of the Association for the Non-White Concerns in the Personnel and Guidance, later known as the Association for the Multicultural Counseling and Development.
b.The 1972 ethic which made it unethical to see culturally different clients without three hours of without relevant graduate work in this area.
c.The 1972 ethic which required a 3,000-hour practicum in order to work with culturally different clients.
d.Urging nonwhites to take graduate counseling courses.

Back 9

A

Front 10

10.Daniel Levinson proposed a theory with several major life transitions. He
a.Is the Father of Multicultural counseling.
b.Wrote the 1978 classic Seasons of a Man’s life and the sequel Seasons of a Woman’s life in 1997.
c.Postulated a midlife crisis for men between the ages 40-45 and for women approximately five years earlier.
d.B and c.

Back 10

D

Front 11

11.The three factors which enhance interpersonal attraction are
a.Assertiveness, anxiety, ego strength.
b.Close proximity, psychical attrition, similar beliefs.
c.Culture, race, assertiveness.
d.Ego strength, anxiety, race.

Back 11

B

Front 12

12.The term contexualism implies that
a.Multicultural counseling is the oldest subspecialty in the profession.
b.Behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which the behavior occurs.
c.The notion of the worldview is highly inaccurate.
d.Projection tests are more accurate than objective measures when performing cross-cultural counseling.

Back 12

B

Front 13

13.Carol Gilligan was critical of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
a.As she felt it was too psychoanalytic.
b.As she felt it was too behavioristic.
c.As she felt it was too behaviorist.
d.As she felt it was more applicable to makes than females.

Back 13

D

Front 14

14._____helped to abet the multicultural counseling movement.
a.Arthur Jensen’s view on IQ testing (also know as Jansenism)
b.The civil rights movement
c.Jung’s feeling that all men and women from all cultures possess a collective unconscious.
d.The Tarasoff Duty.

Back 14

B

Front 15

15.When a counselor speaks of a probable outcome in a case, he or she is technically referring to
a.The prognosis.
b.The diagnosis.
c.The intervention.
d.Attending behavior.

Back 15

A

Front 16

16.When a counselor speaks of what he or she believes must transpire from a psychotherapeutic standpoint, he or she is technically is referring to
a. recommendations.
b. the diagnosis.
c. the prognosis.
d. the notion of transference.

Back 16

A

Front 17

17.Some research suggest that very poor economic conditions correlate very highly with
a.Passivity.
b.Nonassertive behavior.
c.A and b.
d.Aggression.

Back 17

D

Front 18

18.A wealth of research demonstrates that
a.A surprisingly enough, African Americans generally request Asian counselors.
b.Surprisingly enough, Asians generally request an African American counselor.
c.In most instances, clients prefer a counselor of the same race and a similar cultural back ground.
d.In most instances, clients prefer a counselor of the same race, yet different culture.

Back 18

D

Front 19

19.The frustration aggression theory is associated with
a.Albert Ellis.
b.Robert Havighurst, who created the idea of the developmental task concept.
c.Eric Berne, the creator of transactional analysis (TA).
d.John Collard and Neal Miller.

Back 19

C

Front 20

20.A popular balance theory in social psychology is_____ cognitive dissonance theory.
a.Dollard and Miller’s
b.Crites and Roe’s
c.Festinger’s
d.Holland and Super’s

Back 20

C

Front 21

Culture is really a set of rules, and values shared by members of a society, Culture is said to be normative. This implies that
a. one culture will have norms whhich differ only slightly from another.
b. culture excludes customes.
c. culture provides individual with standards of conduct.
d. culture is never socially learned.

Back 21

C.

Front 22

22.A statistical norm measures actual conduct, while a culture norm
a.Describes how people are supposed to act.
b.Has little to do with expectations.
c.Is irrelevant when counseling a client.
d.All of the above.
20.Mores are beliefs

Back 22

A

Front 23

23.Mores are beliefs
a.Regarding the rightness or wrongness of behavior.
b.which should be the central focus in multicultural counseling.
c.The are conscious decision made by persons in power.
d.That are identical with the folkways in the culture.

Back 23

A

Front 24

24._____ was the first pioneer to focus heavily on sociocultural issues.
a.Mark Savickas- a major figure in career counseling
b.Alfred Adler-the father of Individual Psychology
c.Maxie Maultsby-the father of Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT)
d.Frank Parsons-the father of Guidance, who wrote Choosing a Vacation

Back 24

D

Front 25

25.A counselor who is part of a research study will be counseling clients in the Polar Regions and then at a point near the equator. Her primary concern will be
a.Universal culture.
b.National culture.
c.Ecological culture
d.B and c.

Back 25

D

Front 26

26.Biological similarities and sameness are indicated by
a.Ecological culture.
b.Mores.
c.Regional and national culture.
d.Universal culture.

Back 26

D

Front 27

27.Early vocalization in infants
a.Is more complex in African-American babies.
b.Is more complex in Caucasian babies.
c.Is nearly identical in all cultures around the globe.
d.Is the finest indicator of elementary school performance.

Back 27

C

Front 28

28.In the 1920’s, Emory Bogardus developed a social distance scale which evaluated
a.Socioeconomically trends.
b.How an individual felt toward other ethnic groups.
c.Disadvantage youth.
d.Language barriers between Blacks and Asian.

Back 28

B

Front 29

29.According to the foot-in-the-door technique which has two distinct steps, a counselor who needs o make a home visit to a resistant client’s home
a.Should conduct the interview from the porch.
b.Should double-bind the client.
c.Should ask to come in the home.
d.Should exude accurate empathy but never ask to enter the home.

Back 29

C

Front 30

30.Most countries have an official language, a stated point of view, and a central government. This is reflected mainly by
a.National culture.
b.Human culture.
c.Regional culture.
d.Ecological culture.

Back 30

A