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58 Cards in this Set
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ideology |
A collection of ideas and beliefs that generally relate to politics or society. |
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Culture |
People's patterns of behavior and modes of expression |
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Environment |
The area in which people live |
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Gender |
People's views about the roles of men and women |
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Language |
How people use words to communicate with one another |
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Media |
How people spread information through society |
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Relationship with the land |
How people extract resources from the environment |
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Spirituality |
People's personal sense of nature of the universe and their place in it |
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individualism |
the belief that people should be resonsible for themselves |
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Collectivism |
The idea developed that people should work toward a common goal of improving the country developed at the expense of individualism |
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totaltarianism |
a form of government in which the ruler or ruling body has absolute power over the nation |
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Characteristics of collectivism |
-Economic Equality -Cooperation -Public Property -Collective Norms -Collective Interest -Collective Responsibility |
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Economic Equality |
the concept or idea of fairness in economics,
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Cooperation |
the process of working together to the same end.
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Public Property |
property that is dedicated to public use and is a subset of state property. The term may be used either to describe the use to which the property is put, or to describe the character of its ownership (owned collectively by the population of a state).
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Collective Norms |
Culturally established rules prescribing appropriate behavior.
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Collective Interest |
working together to achieve a common objective
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Collective Responsibility |
a concept in which individuals are responsible for other people's actions by tolerating, ignoring, or harboring them, without actively collaborating in these actions.
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Characteristics of Individualism |
-Economic Freedom -Competition -Private Property -Rule of Law -Self-interest -Individual Rights and Freedoms |
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Economic Freedom
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the freedom to prosper within a country without intervention from a government or economic authority. Individuals are free to secure and protect his/her human resources, labor and private property.
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Competition
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The rivalry among sellers trying to achieve such goals as increasing profits, market share, and sales volume by varying the elements of the marketing mix: price, product, distribution, and promotion.
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Private Property |
the property owned by non-governmental entities, like companies or persons.
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Rule of Law |
he restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws.
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Self-interest |
one's personal interest or advantage, especially when pursued without regard for others.
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Individual Rights and Freedoms |
The freedom to act, work, think and behave without retribution bestowed upon members of an organization through legal, regulatory and societal standards.
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John Stewart Mill (1806-1873) |
-On Liberty (foundational work) -people should be free to do as they wish unless their actions harmed others - Liberal society required free speech and freedom of the press -Not in favor of majority rule -No one has the right to oppress or suppress another |
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Adam Smith (1723-1790) |
-The wealth of nations (Foundational work) -opposed mercantilism -trade does not have to be competition between nations -a persons labour does not benefit that person, but the economy as a whole -invisible hand -minimal gov't interference |
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Invisible Hand |
a term for the unintentional and beneficial consequences of self-interest |
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Laissez-Faire economics |
"leave it alone" |
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Urbanization |
becoming more like a city
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Socialism |
an ideology that calls for increased govt control in the economy, collective control of the means of production, and economic equality among individuals.
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Liberalism |
-an ideology that promotes individual rights and freedoms -largely based on the works of John Stuart Mill and Adam Smith -A political stance that lies at or near the centre of the political spectrum |
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Marxism |
The political and economic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in which the concept of class struggle plays a central role in understanding society's allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society.
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The Bolsheviks |
a party of hard-line communists led by Vladimir Lenin |
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Kulaks |
a rich peasant class in the soviet union |
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Holomodor |
a great famine in ukraine during the years of 1932-1933 |
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Purges |
A series of arests,imprisonments and executions through which dissent was demonstrated |
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NKVD |
The soviet secret police |
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Treaty of Versailles |
one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
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Hitlers Party |
National Socialist German Worker's Party |
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untermenchen |
-slavs, jews and romani -sub-humans |
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appeasement |
A policy of agreeing to the demands of a potentially hostile nation in order to maintain peace, specifically the British government’s attitude to Hitler’s Germany 1937–38.
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superpower |
a nation that is extremely powerful in multiple areas, especially politics, economics, and military. |
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sphere of influence |
an area of the world in whch one superpower was dominant |
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proxy battle |
a battle in which, instead of clashing directly, warring powers support those who fight on their behalf |
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warsaw pact |
a mutual defense agreement signed by the soviet union and the communist nations of eastern europe |
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iron curtain |
the notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989.
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Containment |
the action or policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile country or influence. |
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detterence |
the inhibition of criminal behavior by fear especially of punishment or the maintenance of military power for the purpose of discouraging attack.
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MAD; Mutual Assured Destruction |
The understanding that one superpower could not attack the other without being destroyed in retaliation |
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brinksmanship |
a military or political ploy in which a nation deliberately moves to the brink of open welfare in order to intimidate an opponent |
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detente |
-french word for easing -the period of relaxed relations |
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NPT 1968 |
-the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty -treaty signed by 190 countries whose goal is to limit the spread of nuclear weapons |
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SALT I 1972 |
-The first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty -Under its terms the superpowers agreed not to increase the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers beyond existing levels |
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ABM Treaty 1972 |
-The Anti- Ballistic Missile Treaty - Under its terms the superpowers agreed not to build up defences against ballistic missiles |
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SALT II 1979 |
-The second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty -intended to restrain the arms race in strategic (long-range or intercontinental) ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons. |
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Environmentalism |
an ideology that opposes the harm or abuse of natural ecosystems |
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Sharia Law |
a set of laws within a religious framework |
