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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classical Conservatism
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-17th century
-Edmund Burke developed values of classical conservatism based on French Revolution -supports gov't but not tyrrany -uninformed people do not vote -hierarchical society chosen by limited electorate -humanitarian leaders -Law/order is important |
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Bourgeoisie and the proletariat
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have and have-nots
rich bourg. exploit poor proletariat proletariat rises up --> revolution (bourg. wouldn't voluntarily give up resources) |
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The Luddites
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-early 19th century
-lead by Ned Ludd -army of Redressers (destroy machines that replace them) -gov't made it punishable by death -beginning of opposition to capitalism |
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The Chartists
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1838-1848
-People's Charter of 1838 outlined goals of mvmt (political/social reform) -charters and petitions rejected --> threatened with strike - Reform Acts (1897-1884) - |
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Utopian Socialists
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-socialism
-19th century -Sir Thomas Moore ("Utopia") -Robert Owen improved standard of living for workers -modify classic liberalism --> more socialist -Marxism |
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Communism
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-18th century
-Karl Marx (radical socialism) wrote "Communist Manifesto" -scientific socialism -command economy |
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6 Goals of People's Charter of 1838
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-Universal suffrage for all men over 21
-Equal-sized electoral districts -Voting by secret ballot -An end to the need for property qualifications for Parliament -Pay for Members of Parliament -Annual elections |
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Espionage Act of 1917
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US federal law that prohibited attempt to interfere with military operations
punishable by death |
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Charles Schenk
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Schenk vs. US case
printed and mailed military draftees saying they shouldn't go to war; didn't have freedom of speech charged under espionage act |
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Sedition Act of 1918
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extended espionage act
could not use speech/expression negatively with war |
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Eugene V. Debs
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Spoke out against the war
Arrested 10 years in jail under Sedition Act |
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Renaissance
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14-16th centuries
importance of individual and reliance on reason paved way of Enlightenment |
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Thomas Hobbes
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1588-1679
human nature is based on extreme individialism people need security more than freedom |
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John Locke
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individuals have right to use reason and logic to make their own decisions
"social contract": give up some rights for order and security gov't should be accountable to people and have consent of governed private property |
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Montesquieu
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worth of individual and equality
accountability of gov't separation of gov't powers citizens must be aware of gov't |
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John Stuart Mill
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only limitations on individual are to protect liberty of others
free speech |
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Aboriginal Influence on Liberalism
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separation of powers
equal participation of people rights and freedoms |
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Classical Liberalism
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human rationality and embraces individualism
rule of law limits on gov't |
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American Revolution
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ideas of Locke
independance, constitution |
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French Revolution
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implement liberal thought from Enlightenment
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Declaration of Rights of Man
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men are free and equal
rights are limited to protect others freedom of speech |
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Adam Smith
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Merchantilism
Wealth of Nations Invisible Hand Laissez-faire economics (capitalism) |
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What did Canada create after the Great Depression of 1930s?
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social safety net
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Suffrage definition
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right to vote
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What year were women given the right to vote in Canada?
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1918
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Revolutionary/radical ideology
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political ideology
extreme left rapid, often violent, change |
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Counterrevolutionary/Reactionaryideology
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political ideology
extreme right resists change going back to the "good old days" would be the only accepted change |
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Collectivism
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economic ideology
government control |
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Individualism
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individual control and activity
competition economic ideology |
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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17th century
common good people are good and have been corrupted by civilization and society humans are naturally free and equal opposed representative democracy; believed citizens should make laws directly |
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Representative Democracy
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a small group of politicians are elected by a large group of citizens
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economic freedom
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the freedom to buy what you want and to sell your labour, idea, or product to whomever you wish
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free markets
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markets in which consumers and businesses have free choice to buy, sell, or trade, without government interference in those transactions
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welfare state
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the economy is capitalist but the government uses policies that directly or indirectly modify the market forces in order to ensure economic stability and a basic standard of living for citizens
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Enlightenment / Age of Reason
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late 17th century and 18th century
promoted beliefs of classic liberalsim |
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Protestant Reformation
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opposition of the Catholic Church
and its religious power more faith in the rationality of the individual |
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Robespierre
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leader of French Revolution (that led to Reign of Terror)
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Industrialization
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stage of economic development
technology resulted in mass production and consumption, and a change in national living standards |
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capital
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money
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What did Upton Sinclair write?
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The Jungle; about the horrors of the meatpacking industry
Caused a public outcry Teddy Roosevelt introduced "Meat Inspection Act" and "Pure Food and Drug Act" |
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command economy
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centrally planned economy; centralization of the means of production in the hands of the state
i.e. Soviet Union, China, North Korea |
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Great Depression
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economic crisis beginning in 1929 with stock market crash
Banks failed, factories closed, many people unemployed, international trade declined |
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John Maynard Keynes
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'periods of inflation are followed by periods of recession'
supply and demand to lessen the recession gov't should spend more money and reduce taxes, and the opposite of times of inflation "demand side economics" |
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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as president, put Keynes theories to practices in States
"New Deal" : providing employment through government projects more of a welfare state |
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labour standards
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government enforced rules and standards for a safe, clean working environment
protection of workers rights with collective bargaining, free association, and freedom from discrimination |
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Russian revolution
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reaction to injustices of authoritarian czarist system and uncontrolled free-market capitalism (bourg. benefited from prol.'s work)
Bolsheviks (led by Lenin) wanted to destroy this liberal economic system and change to communism |
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Reforms after the Russian Revolution (by the czar)
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basic civil rights
universal suffrage creation of an elected legislative assembly (Duma) |
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What happened after Lenin's death?
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Stalin took control and implemented collectivization (all land combined and collectively worked)
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eugenics
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controlling human reproduction so that desirable genetic traits are encouraged and undesirable traits and eliminated
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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prevents monopolies between competing companies
restriction of trusts |
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Germany swung towards __________ during the Great Depression
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extremism
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