Social 30-1 Alberta

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Authoritarianism

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a form of government with authority vested in an elite group that may or may not rule in the interests of the people.

Authoritarian political systems take many forms , including: military dictatorships and monarchies

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Autonomy

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a state of individual freedom from outside authority

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Beliefs and Values

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important aspects of identity that influence behaviour and choices, and that guide people in their interactions with others and how they veiw the world

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Political Participation

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Any number of ways a citizen can be involved in the political process, such as voting, running as a candidate, attending constituency meeting, etc.

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Anti- war movements

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Organized campaigns against war

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Civility

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Thoughtfulness about how our actions may affect others, based on the recognition that humans beings live together

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Pro- Democracy movements

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Movements or campaigns in favor of democracy

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Classical Conservatism

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An ideology that says government should represent the legacy of the past as well as the well-being of the present, and that society should be structured in hierarchical fashion, that governments should be chosen by a limited electorate, that leaders should be humanitarian and tha the stability of society is all important

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Individualism

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A current way of thinking that values freedom and worth of the individual, sometimes over the security and harmony of the group

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Collective interest

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The set of interests that members of a group have in common. Individuals have both collective and individual interests

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Collective responsibility

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Holding a whole group or collective responsible for the actions of individuals/ individual groups within the group or collective

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Collectivism

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A current way of thinking that values the goals of the group and the common good over the goals of any one individual

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Rule of law

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The restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well- defined and established laws

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World view

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A collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or group

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Enlightenment/ Age of Reason

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An intellectual movement of the 17th/ 18th centuries when classical liberalism spread throughout Europe and changed people's beliefs about religion, reason, nature, and about human beings.

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Command economy

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An economic system based on public (state) ownership of property in which government planners decide which goods to produce, how to produce the goods and how these goods should be distributed

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Communism

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A societal system with property vested in the community and each member working for the common benefit according to his or her capacity and recieves things in return according to the individuals needs

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Labour Standards

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Government- enforced rules and standards aimed at safe, clean working enviroments, and the protection of workers rights to free association, collective bargaining, and freedom from discrimination

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Labour unions

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Associations of workers engaged in a similar function who unite to speak with management about their concerns. Their purpose is to provide a united voice that speaks for the rights of its members

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Marxism

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A radical form of socialism, often called scientific socialism or communism to distinguish it from other socialistic ideologies

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Socialism

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Any ideology that contains the belief that resources should be controlled by the public for the benefit of everyone in society, and not by private interests for the benefit of private owners and investors

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Universal Suffrage

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Theright of all members of society, once they reach the age of accountability, to fully participate politically. This participation could be the right to vote

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Welfare Capitalism

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Initiatives by industrialists to provide workers with non-monetary rewards to head off growing demand for labour unions; also refers to government programs that would provide socail safety nets for workers

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Censorship

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The act of resisting freedom of expression or freedom to access to idea or works, usually by governments, and usually to protect the percieved common good; may be related to speech, writings, art, religion or military matters

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Laissez- faire Economics

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- one of the guiding principles of capitalism

- Economic systems should be free from government intervention, only should be driven by the market forces

(Adam Smith loved this)

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Keynesian Economics (Demand-Side Economics)

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The view that in the short run (esspecially during recession), economic output is strongly influenced by the demand (total spending in the economy)

- Economic theory of total spending in the economy and its effects on output and inflation

- Governments should spend more money and reduce taxes during recessionary (Bust)periods while;

- During good economic times (Booms) governments should spend less money and increases taxes

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Enclosure Act

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Creating mega farms (or movement)

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Merchantilism

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Primary goal of an economy was to strengthen the power and wealth of the state

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Techniques of Dictatorship

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- Propoganda

- Controlled Participation

-Directing Public Discontent

-Terror

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Social Contract Theory

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The unwriten rules between the people as a whole and the government saying that if the government is elected and doesn't stay true to his promises then the people are allowed to overthrow him

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Aboriginal Healing Fund

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an aboriginal- managed, Ottawa- based, non-for-profit private corporation with the mission to help Aboriginal people build healing processes that address the legacy of abuses such as the residential schools

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Adherence to collective norms

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faithful observance of the norms or standards imposed on memebers of a group as a condition of membership to the group. These could be: conduct, values, or appearence related

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Alignment

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an alliance or agreement. During The Cold War, some countries aligned themselves with either the U.S. or The Soviet Union to gain political, economic, and security benefits.

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American Bill of Rights

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The first 10 ammendments to the US Constitution. Ratified by the original 13 states by 1791, it is based primarily on John Locke's concept of "national rights" for all individuals, including life, liberty, and the protection of property