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13 Cards in this Set
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: The Indian Act |
First passed by the Canadian Parliamentin 1876and amended several times since then, thisact continues to define who is – and is not – a status Indian. Early version of the act banned some traditional practicesof first nations cultures and allowed only those who renounced Indian status to vote in federalelections. The Indian Act was a tool to encourageassimilation: it was linked to residential schooling as well. Significance: Due to the provisions of the Indian Act, including the disadvantages of having Indian status, many Natives were assimilated. The loss of culture and tradition still affects the Natives today. The poverty among Natives may also be traced to the Act which made it illegal, in 1927, for Natives to pursue land claims without government permission. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: Status Indian |
A status Indian is a First Nations person who is registered according to theprovisions of the Indian Act and is therefore eligible to receive specific benefits. Example: Joe's grandmother is Cree. Because of his heritage, he qualifies as a status Indian. He can attend post-secondary education for free. However, only two centuries ago, his Indian status would have been something that held him back. Significance: After the Indian Act was passed, status Indians faced disadvantages such as prohibition from owning land, drinking, practicing their traditional ceremonies, and voting in elections if they lived on reserves. For these reasons, Natives are often bitter at the government. Today, being a status Indian has some benefits. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: Residential schools |
Boarding schools where First Nations children were gathered to live, work, and study. These schools were operated or subsidized by theCanadian government as animportant element of thegovernment’s assimilation policy. They were usually linked to a church- Catholic or Anglican. Significance: The schools led to assimilation of Natives, loss of culture, and fragmentation of families. The fragmentation of families is perhaps why many Natives struggle today. Sexual and physical abuse at the hands of their teachers also left many former students traumatized. Many Native Canadians alive today still live with these traumatic memories. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: cultural mosaic |
•A society that is made up of many distinct cultural groups. Example: Canada is a cultural mosaic: our country is made up of pieces of many cultures. Significance: This is a radically Canadian policy in contrast with American melting pot policy. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: multiculturalism |
•An official Canadian government policyfounded (1971) on the idea that Canadian society is pluralistic –made of many culturally distinct groups who are free to affirm and promote their own cultural identities. Example: Edmonton is a multicultural city because it contains many people of various cultures who freely promote their cultural identities. Significance: Official policy of the Canadian government since 1971. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: cultural pluralism |
•The idea that a variety of peoples are free toaffirm and promote their customs, traditions,beliefs, and language within a society. Example: Canada Significance: Canadian policy. Some argue it discourages national cohesion. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: Quiet Revolution |
•A period of intense social, political,and economic change in Quebec. During this period, which lasted from about 1960 to 1966,Quebecois began to assert theirrights and affirm and promote their language and culture. Significance: An example of nationalism in Canada and near civil war. It explains our multicultural policy and bilingualism. It also shows how historical globalization, in this case the colonization of Canada by France, still impacts our world today. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: genocide |
Genocide is the mass killing of human beings, especially targeted groups. Example: The Holocaust--the mass killing of the Jewish people during WWII-- is an example of genocide. Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Significance: Genocide was often a product of historical globalization occurring before or after colonization. For example, genocide occurred in the Congo during Belgian occupation. It occurred in Rwanda after the Belgians relinquished power. In Canada, the genocide of Natives began during the process of colonization an after. Racial/ethnic identification and policies set in place by colonizers often encouraged genocide. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: gacaca courts |
Gacaca courts were community courts established in Rwanda to try low-level officials and ordinary people for crimes committed during the Rwandan genocide. The purpose of these courts was to speed up the process of bringing justice to those who had participated in genocide. It also aimed at the reconciliation of Rwandan people. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: apartheid |
Apartheid- an Afrikaans word that refers to the policy of segregating and discriminating against non-whites in South Africa. It literally means "the state of being apart" or "apart-hood" if translated to English. Example: In South Africa under apartheid, blacks, whites, Indians, coloured people were separated into groups and used different public facilities such as buses, shops, schools, etc. Significance: Apartheid was one of the negative effects of historical globalization (i.e. colonization). Although apartheid is over in S.A., there still exists a huge economic and political disparity between blacks and whites in the country. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: enemy aliens |
"Enemy alien" was a label assigned during WWI and WWII to people from countries that were at war with Canada. The rights of enemy aliens were curtailed, and some were even interned in camps. Example: In Canada, Germans, Ukrainians, and Japanese people were at one time considered enemy aliens and interned in camps. Significance: This is a negative effect of historical globalization (a world-wide war impacting national affairs and citizens). It also still impacts our government today as former enemy aliens ask for grievances. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: non-governmental organization (NGO) |
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization established by groups of people to work toward specific goals and to gain public support in achieving these goals. NGOs depend on volunteers and donations, but may also receive grants from governments. They may also influence government policies on the national and international levels. Example: Oxfam, Red Cross, Doctors without Borders, Amnesty International Significance: These organizations respond to the legacies of historical globalization. Some argue their charity harms rather than helps the impoverished. Still others argue that governments are not doing enough, nationally and internationally, to fight the legacies of globalization-- hence the necessity of these NGOs. |
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Define, give an example, and state the significance of: Gross National Income (GNI) |
Gross National Income (GNI) is the amount of money earned by everyone in a country. Example: In the map shown here, dark green countries have a high GNI. The yellow and red countries are in serious poverty with incomes below the poverty line. Significance: It is a major measure of standard of living in countries around the world. The UN has also set the goal of 0.07% of the GNI as a target for foreign-aid donations by a country, but no country has ever achieved this goal. Donations from the GNI should go to foreign aid, argue some UN leaders. |
