Soci 325 - Learning Theory

Front 1

Sanctioning:

1) Demonic

2) Classical

3) Pathology

4) Functionalism

5) Ecology

6) Strain

Back 1

1) Demonic -> Torture and confession

2) Classical -> Prison (most commonly)

3) Pathology -> Scientific treatment (not necessarily punishment)

4) Functionalism -> whatever society dictates

5) Ecology -> Reorganization (Chicago Area project)

6) Strain -> establish equal opportunity

Front 2

Who refers to Merton's strain theory as equivalent to the "Big Bang" theory?

Why was his theory referred to this?

Back 2

Downes and Rock

Because it was the first "meta-theory," it helped spur several others, including cultural deviance theories

Front 3

According to cultural deviance theories, what dictates deviant behavior?

Back 3

Norms

Front 4

What do cultural deviance reject in terms of the origins of crime and deviance?

Where do they suggest crime and deviance originates?

Back 4

Reject pathological origins, suggest crime and deviance are the result of pure socialization

Front 5

Sutherland and Cressey's 10 points of cultural deviance (1,2,3)

Back 5

1) Criminal (deviant) behavior is learned

2) Criminal (deviant) behavior is learned in interaction with other persons via communication

3) The most intimate of the learning of criminal (deviant) behavior occurs within intimate personal groups

Front 6

Sutherland and Cressey's 10 points of cultural deviance (4,5)

Back 6

4) When criminal (deviant) behavior is learned, learning includes:

a) techniques of committing the crime

b) the specific direction of motives, rationalizations, drives, attitudes

5) The specific direction of motives and drives come from legal codes (conventional norms) as favourable or unfavourable

Front 7

Sutherland and Cressey's 10 points of cultural deviance (6,7,8)

Back 7

6) A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favourable to the violation of law over definitions unfavourable to the violation of the law

7) Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, intensity

8) The process of learning criminal behavior in association with criminal and non-criminal behavior involves all of the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning

Front 8

Sutherland and Cressey's 10 points of cultural deviance (9,10)

Back 8

9) While criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it is not explained by those needs and values because non-criminal behavior is also an expression of those same needs and values

10) If a child spends enough time with delinquents, they may also become deviant.

Front 9

Kornhauser's criticisms of cultural deviance theory (3 points)

Back 9

1) Wo/Man has no nature

2) Socialization is perfect and complete

3) Sub/cultural variability is unlimited

Front 10

Who said "the subculture of delinquency is not a delinquent subculture," as well as bringing up points about "drift" and "neutralization?"

Back 10

Matza

Front 11

Who said "delinquency was a fact of life, but not a way of life?"

Back 11

Green

Front 12

What sort of techniques do learning theorists use in punishment for criminal behavior?

Back 12

Non-invasive, such as:

1) Imitative control - big brothers/sisters

2) Group unlearning - Alcoholics Anonymous

3) Operant psychology - modification techniques

4) Aversion therapy - shock therapy, suppression of breathing

Front 13

4 problems of learning theory

Back 13

1) Deterministic learning

2) No human nature?

3) How do we learn?

4) Unlimited subcultures. How do we define them?

Front 14

Who is credited with the first truly systematic use of the concepts of culture and subculture?

Back 14

Cohen