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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CIVIC ENGAGEMENT |
American society has seen a decline in social capital/civic engagement. How many citizens participate in elections or general community things. -High social capital = lower crime, healthier, less povery/unemployment and benefits |
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CIVICNESS |
Same fabric of values, norms, trust, institutions and associations have high levels of solidarity, mutual trust and tolerance between citizens. HOW CIVIL YOU ARE. - may contribute to lower voter turn-out because people less inclined to vote if they don't trust those they're electing. |
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE |
Perspective of the State. Marx Theory where state is needed to regulate economic interest and the clashing groups that may disagree with the capitalist society. -Faciltate capitalist. -Power is to be rich. -production of goods easier. |
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ELECTION |
Public to engage in the state through elections. -Formal decision making process which citizens select individuals to represent them in the public office. |
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GENERATIONAL REPLACEMENT |
1/2 reasons to low voter turn out rates. Studies that grouped electorates into approximate generations according to age and tracking their voting propensities. -voters of middle generations (1945-1959) and oldest generations (before 1945) have high propensity to vote. -they are now being replaced by younger ones, who have lower propensity. |
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GUARANTEED INCOME SUPPLEMENT |
A means tested program, can decrease inequality. -Similar to CPP, GIS is a pension benefit for seniors, but only for certain individuals who make lower income. |
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LIFE-CYCLE EFFECT |
Is one explanation for low voter turn out: 1/2 -Argues that fewer oung people vote because of the variety of structural, social and economic circumstances. When they get older, they're more inclined to vote. |
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MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE |
Focuses on the evolving practices relating to the recruitment, training, and employment of administers needed to manage new bureaucracies. -these individual bureaucracies are to fulfill needs of the people, so they're connected locally. |
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MEANS-TESTED PROGRAM |
Social programs can be universal or means-tested. This relies on determination of that individual's /family's needs for government assistance. -Means tested/income tested. -Student loans, legal aids, and welfare. -more efficient to address inequality. Can fix the disparity gap. -however it is more expensive to administer. -less popular because there is a benefit to smaller group of people. -carry stigma. |
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MILITARISTIC PERPSECTIVE |
Related to Weber- violence should be the legitimate use in one's territory. -Better bureaucracies = better equipped for war, and efficient at taxations. -modern state for war making, and maintaining that power through war. 1. engage in war-making (bad guys outside country) 2. state making (bad guys inside country) 3. protection (protect good guys) 4. extraction (the result of all three) |
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REPARATION PROGRAMS |
Part of Restorative justice can be done with reparations. -Measures taken by the state to redress systematic violations of human rights/law through compensation or restitution. -Social policies that deal with inequality and injustice on societal level. -apology, material means, or monetary payments. (takes symbolism.) -To Japanese Canadians, Jews, South africans after apartheid. |
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ROTATING CREDIT ASSOCIATION |
Social capital is illustrated with the rotating credit associations. These associations are co-operative to economic ventures by south-east-asian societies. -pooling resources and rotate general fund. -Very communative, and needs lots of trust and cooperation. |
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SOCIAL CHANGE |
General level is the transformation of culture and social institutions over time. Can be quickly - like technology Can be slowly - gender norms Can be intentional - new law is passed to legalize abortion Can be unintentional - happens from printing press or social interactions. |
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STATE |
Set of institutions that include 4 components. 1. Political Decision Making 2. Administrative Units/Beaurocracies 3. Ministry of Health/Education 4. Judiciary 5. Security systems -have the monopoly and autonomy on rule making, coercion, and violence. -Most powerful institution in contemporary society. -They can Tax you, violence you, police you to the military, hold you in prison, and kill you. -its justified through the maintaining of social order + nation's interest. -State sanctioned by international community -Powerful because they're the ones who control the policies/laws for change, and set the sanctions. |
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TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION OF CANADA |
An agreement sought to repair the harm caused by residential schools by compensating former students and calling for the establishment. |
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UNIVERSAL PROGRAM |
Social programs in the welfare state are categorized by universal means or means-tested. Everyone gets it, regardless of their income or wealth. ie: Everyone gets CPP Canadian Pension Plan. -Con: Allocated to those who may not need it, which takes away from those who really do. |
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WELFARE STATE |
Performs 3 basic functions. 1. Provide minimum income for individuals 2. Reduce unemployment 3. Give public range of social services. Has primary role when it comes to the economic/social well being of the citizens. Canada's welfare state is weaker in comparison with european countries. In canada: -wide spread unemployment after the great depression= federal government was under a lot of pressure to deal with it. -government began to care only when social problems were becoming universal and not just the lower class. -after war, it was expected that the country take care and provide social programs. It is now declining. |
