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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things
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Religion
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Durkheim’s Three Elements of Religion:
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Beliefs: Some Things are Sacred
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Functionalist Perspective:
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Questions about Ultimate Meaning
Emotional Comfort Social Solidarity Guidelines for Everyday Life |
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The Functionalist Perspective
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Social Control
Adaptation Support for the Government Social Change |
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Functional Equivalents of Religion
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1.Organizations Like Alcoholics Anonymous
2.Psychotherapy 3.Humanism 4.Transcendental Meditation 5.Political Parties |
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Dysfunctions of Religion
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1.Religion as Justification for Persecution
2.War and Terrorism |
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Dysfunctions of Religion Terrorists and the Mind of God
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Believe They are Under Attack
Convinced God wants Action Believe Violence will Resolve Issue Convinced God has Chosen Them Perspective Nurtured by Community |
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Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
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Religious Symbols
Rituals Beliefs Religious Experience Community |
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Conflict Perspective
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Marx’s Opium of the People:
(Marx meant that oppressed workers find escape in religion) |
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Conflict Perspective
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Legitimization of Social Inequalities:
1.Social Arrangements Represent God’s Desires 2.Divine Rights of Kings 3.Pharaoh as God 4.Hindu Cast System |
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Religion and the Spirit of Capitalism - Weber
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1.Source of Profound Social Change
2.Religion Held the Key to Modernization |
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was the first monotheistic religion
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Judaism
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believe/worship only one God
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monotheistic
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Durkheim’s Three Elements of Religion
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Practices(rituals): Centering on Things Considered Sacred
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Durkheim’s Three Elements of Religion
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A Moral Community(church): Resulting from a Group’s Beliefs and Practices
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Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
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Accumulation of Capital
Move to Thrift and Investment Predestination Salvation through Good Works |
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Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
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Self-denying Approach to Life
Luxury Seen as Sinful Investment and Reinvestment |
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The World’s Major Religions
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1. Christians (2,000,000,000)
2. Muslims (1,200,000,000) 3. Hindus (820,000,000) 4. Chinese (390,000,000) 5. Buddhist (360,000,000) 7. Jew (14,000,000) |
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The World’s Major Religions: Judaism
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1.Originated 4,000 Years Ago
2.Originated in Mesopotamia 3.God’s Chosen People Through Covenant with Abraham 4.Fundamental Change in Religion to Monotheism 5.Contemporary - Orthodox, Reform, Conservative |
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The World’s Major Religions: Christianity
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Also Monotheistic
Believe Jesus Christ is Messiah Born in Poverty to a Virgin At about 30 Jesus Began Teaching |
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The World’s Major Religions: Christianity
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1. 12 Main Followers - Apostles
2. Belief in Christ’s Resurrection 3. Split to Greek Orthodoxy in 11th Century, Reformation in 16th Century 4. Currently about 2 Billion Adherents |
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The World’s Major Religions: Islam
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World’s Third Monotheistic Religion
Founded by Muhammad (Born in Mecca) About Age 40 had Visions from God Visions and Teachings Written in Koran |
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The World’s Major Religions: Islam
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Muhammad Founded a Theocracy in Median
Two Main Branches - Sunni and Shiite Shiites More Conservative and Fundamentalist Consider Bible Sacred but Koran Final Word |
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The World’s Major Religions: Hinduism
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No Specific Founder
Chief Religion in India for 4,000 Years No Canonical Scripture Brahmanas, Bhagavad-Gita, and Upanishads Expound Moral Virtues |
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The World’s Major Religions: Hinduism
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People Make Sacrifices to gods
Polytheistic - Many gods Central Belief is Karma -Spiritual Progress No Final Judgment - Reincarnation Spiritual Perfection Results in Nirvana |
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The World’s Major Religions: Buddhism
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Siddhartha Gautama Founded in about 600 B.C.
Four Noble Truths Existence is Suffering Origin of Suffering is Desire Suffering Ceases when Desire Ceases Follow “Noble Eightfold Path” to End Desire |
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The World’s Major Religions: Buddhism
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Eightfold Path:
Right Belief Right Resolve Right Speech Right Conduct |
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The World’s Major Religions: Buddhism
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Eightfold Path:
Right Occupation or Living Right Effort Right-Mindedness Right Ecstasy |
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The World’s Major Religions: Confucianism
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K’ung Fu-tsu Born in China 551 B.C.
Public Official Distressed by Corruption in Government Urged Social Reform Developed System of Morality Based on Peace, Justice, Universal Order |
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The World’s Major Religions: Confucianism
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Teaching Written in the Analects
Basic Moral Principle - Jen Loyalty and Morality above Self-Interest Confucian Golden Rule Taught the “Middle Way” Originally Atheistic, Gods Added along the Way |
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Types of Religious Groups
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Cults:
Begin with Charismatic Leader All Religions Started this Way Most Cults Fail |
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Types of Religious Groups
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Sects:
Loosely Organized and Fairly Small Emphasize Personal Salvation |
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Types of Religious Groups
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Churches:
Highly Bureaucratized National and International Relationship with God Less Intense |
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Types of Religious Groups
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Ecclesia:
State Religions Part of Cultural Identification |
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Types of Religious Groups
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Variations in Patterns:
denomination(disagree particular aspects) Methodist or Baptist |
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When Religion and Culture Conflict
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1. Members Reject Dominant Culture
2. Members Reject Specific Elements of a Culture 3. Society Rejects Religious Group |
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Religion in the U.S.
Characteristics of Religious Groups |
Toleration
Fundamentalist Revival The Electronic Church |
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Secularization of Religion and Culture
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The Secularization of Religion
The Secularization of Culture |
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The Future of Religion
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Religion Thrives
Science Cannot Tell Us About… The Existence of God The Purpose of Life An Afterlife Morality |
