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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CLOSED-ENDED QUESTIONS |
A survey question that provides preformatted response choices for the respondent to circle or check
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CLUSTER SAMPLING |
Sampling in which elements are selected in two or more stages, with the first stage being the random selection of naturally occurring clusters and the last stage being the random selection of elements within clusters |
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CONCEPTUALIZATION |
The process of specifying what we mean by a term. In deductive research, conceptualization helps translate portions of an abstract theory into testable hypotheses involving specific variables. In inductive research, conceptualization is an important part of the process used to make sense of related observations. |
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CONTINUOUS VARIABLE |
A continuous variable is a variable that has an infinite number of possible values. In other words, any value is possible for the variable. A continuous variable is the opposite of a discrete variable, which can only take on a certain number of values |
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CONVENIENCE SAMPLING |
A convenience sample is one of the main types of non-probability sampling methods. A convenience sample is made up of people who are easy to reach. Consider the following example. A pollster interviews shoppers at a local mall. |
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CROSSTABS |
AN OPTION TO RUN AN DATA SET BASED ON AN INDEPENDENT VARIABLE AND A DEPENDENT VARIABLE |
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DEPENDENT VARIABLE |
A variable that is hypothesized to vary depending on or under the influence of another variable. |
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DESCRIPTIVES |
THE OPTION OF THE TYPE OF DATA SET THAT PROVIDES DESCRIPTIVE RESULTS |
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DISCRETE VARIABLE |
Discrete Variable. Variables that can only take on a finite number of values are called "discrete variables." All qualitative variables are discrete. Some quantitative variables are discrete, such as performance rated as 1,2,3,4, or 5, or temperature rounded to the nearest degree |
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DOUBLE-BARRELED QUESTION |
A single survey question that actually asks two questions but allows only one answer |
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EMPIRICAL DATA |
Empirical evidence is information acquired by observation or experimentation. This data is recorded and analyzed by scientists and is a central process as part of the scientific method |
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FACE-TO-FACE SURVEYS |
Surveys that are done in person, with two people face-to-face |
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FREQUENCIES |
A RESULT IN SPSS THAT SHOWS THE FREQUENCY OF TWO VARIABLES WITHIN A DATA SET |
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GENERAL SOCIAL SURVEY |
The General Social Survey (GSS) is a sociological survey used to collect information and keep a historical record of the concerns, experiences, attitudes, and practices of residents of the United States. Since 1972, the GSS has been monitoring societal change and studying the growing complexity of American society. |
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GENERALIZABILITY |
Exists when a conclusion holds true for the population, group, setting, or event that we say it does, given the conditions that we specify; it is the extent to which a study can inform us about persons, places, or events that were not directly studied.
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HYPOTHESIS |
A tentative statement about empirical reality involving a relationship between two or more variables |
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INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
A variable that is hypothesized to cause, or lead to, variation in another variable. |
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INDEX |
A composite measure based on summing, averaging, or otherwise combining the responses to multiple questions that are intended to measure the same concept. |
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INTERVAL-LEVEL VARIABLE |
A measurement of a variable in which the numbers indicating a variable’s values represent fixed measurement units but have no absolute, or fixed, zero point. A ordinal variable, is one where the order matters but not the difference between values. For example, you might ask patients to express the amount of pain they are feeling on a scale of 1 to 10. |
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LITERATURE REVIEW |
A literature review is a text of a scholarly paper, which includes the current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and do not report new or original experimental work |
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MAIL SURVEYS |
A survey involving a mailed questionnaire to be completed by the respondent |
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NOMINAL-LEVEL VARIABLE |
Variables whose values have no mathematical interpretation; they vary in kind or quality but not amount. A categorical variable (sometimes called a nominal variable) is one that has two or more categories, but there is no intrinsic ordering to the categories. For example, gender is a categorical variable having two categories (male and female) and there is no intrinsic ordering to the categories |
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NONRANDOM SAMPLING |
It results in a biased sample, a non-random sample of a population (or non-human factors) in which all individuals, or instances, were not equally likely to have been selected. If this is not accounted for, results can be erroneously attributed to the phenomenon under study rather than to the method of sampling. |
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OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS |
A survey question to which the respondents reply in their own words, either by writing or by talking |
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OPERATIONALIZATION |
The process of specifying the operations that will indicate the value of cases on a variable |
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ORDER EFFECTS |
Avoids order effects (such as practice or fatigue) as people participate in one condition only. If a person is involved in several conditions they may become bored, tired and fed up by the time they come to the second condition, or becoming wise to the requirements of the experiment |
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ORDINAL-LEVEL VARIABLE |
A measurement of a variable in which the numbers indicating a variable’s values specify only the order of the cases, permitting greater than and less than distinctions. I.E. level of college |
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PUSH POLLS |
an ostensible opinion poll in which the true objective is to sway voters using loaded or manipulative questions. |
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QUOTA SAMPLING |
A nonprobability sampling method in which elements are selected to ensure that the sample represents certain characteristics in proportion to their prevalence in the population |
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RANDOM SAMPLING |
A method of sampling that relies on a random, or chance, selection method so that every element of the sampling frame has a known probability of being selected. |
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RATIO-LEVEL VARIABLE |
A measurement of a variable in which the numbers indicating the variable’s values represent fixed measuring units and an absolute zero point |
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RELIABILITY |
A measurement procedure yields consistent scores when the phenomenon being measured is not changing |
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SAMPLING FRAME |
A list of all elements or other units containing the elements in a population. |
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SNOWBALL SAMPLING |
A method of sampling in which sample elements are selected as successive informants or interviewees identify them |
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STRATISFIED SAMPLE |
A method of sampling in which sample elements are selected separately from population strata that the researcher identifies in advance |
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SUGGING / FRUGGING |
sell or attempt to sell a product under the guise of conducting market research."a market researcher claims the firm is sugging, solicit donation |
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SURVEY FATIGUE |
person is exhausted answering after a certain point effecting the quality of the answers towards the end |
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SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING |
A method of sampling in which sample elements are selected from a list or from sequential files, with every nth element being selected after the first element is selected randomly |
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TELEPHONE SURVEYS |
survey that is conducted over the telephone |
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VALIDITY |
The use of scientific methods to investigate individuals, societies, and social processes; the knowledge produced by these investigations. |
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WEB SURVEYS |
survey that is conducted over the web |
