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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Risks of going without healthcare
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- less preventative care
- inability to fill prescriptions - may be turned away if unable to pay - ER for healthcare needs: $$$ - life changes to pay for bills - hospitalized for something that could have been treated earlier |
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Insurance
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Could reduce mortality rates of the uninsured by 10-15%
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Two concerns about national health care
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1. what proportion of a country's resources should be used
2. How said resources should be allocated |
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A systems/ecological approach to health care
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- Environment and individual affects health.
- An elderly man in rural area who knows he couldn't get to a hospital quickly is more likely to incur health problems |
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Factors effecting health
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- Income
- Ethnicity - Gender - Age - Disability - Rural and Urban areas |
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applying a systems/ecological perspective
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-focuses on interaction/interdependence between person and environment by understanding Health Risk Factors
- an emphasis on where holistic health care approach stemmed from - recognizing the definition of health: a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease |
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Health Risk Factors
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factors that effect persons health and place them at risk for serious health problems and conditions
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Holistic health cre
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How interactions with family, work, community and how funding is available to support ways of life
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The evolution of health care in America
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- early emphasis on keeping people alive
- epidemics - earliest legislation tried to control communicable diseases and sanitation, and education - recent legislation: directed to control chronic, degenerative diseases such as heart disease and cancer, self infliction, accidents and violence, health AFTER illness |
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Major issue of funding healthcare
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who should pay for what? federal, state, private.
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private health insurance
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cons-
- Premium sharing: some costs to employee - family wont be covered - costs increased because of switch from retrospective to prospective payment |
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managed healthcare
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Limits on use and cost through monitoring and control
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Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO)
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prepaid medical group practices to which individuals pay monthly fees and receive specific types of health care at no cost
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the 5 HMO models
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1. Group model: HMO contracts with a single multi specialty medical group to provide members with care
2. staff model: patients receive services from only a limited number of providers and physicians that are employees of HMO 3. network model: contracts with multiple physician groups 4. Individual practice association: IPA, health care provider organization of independent physicians providing individual services 5. Mixed model: combination of prev. four |
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Gross Domestic Product GDP
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the US spends the most $ on healthcare
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reasons for rising healthcare costs
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1. an increasing elderly population
2. increased knowledge and availability of technology 3. emphasis on third party payment 4. Increased costs of healthcare for the poor, medicaid and medicare 5. increasing malpractice suits |
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Current major health problems
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- HIV/AIDS: immune deficiency. under 25 yrs most at risk. homosexual and substance abuse.1/2 are treated
- bioethics: genetic screening, pregnancy termination - spinal and head injuries: how they happend, costs |
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catastrophic illness
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chronic and severly debilitation condition that results in long term dependence on health care system
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environmental factors on health
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- road and traffic safety
- unsafe housing - contaminated food/water - Nuclear energy plants control - pests and animals - tobacco use |
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Hill-Burton Act
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- for construction of rural hospitals
- cant refuse client who cant pay |
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Medicaid
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- Extended to AFDC which is now TANF
- meant to serve families and kids, now pays for 60% of nursing home residents |
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Medicare
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- not long term
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maternal and child health act
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- SSSA though WIC for pregnant women and children under 5
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Healthy steps for young women program
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holistic approach in nurturing kids at a vital stage
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Childrens health insurance program CHIP
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1. expand medicaid
2. establish a new insurance program separate from medicaid 3. implement combination of both |
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Balanced Budget act of 1997
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child health provisions
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comprehensive health planning act
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expanded on concept of local health planning to consider lifestyle and environment
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CARE act
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provides fund to metropolitan areas hardest hit by AIDS
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healthcare savings accounts
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Part of healcare legislation
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health care reform
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Universal health care system
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Contemporary roles in health care settings
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1. primary setting
2. secondary setting 3. medical social workers |
